OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES 



159 



Fig. 17. UMITAKA MARU, training and research ship of 

 Tokyo University of Fisheries, completed in August 1955.1 

 Major characteristics are: 



Length (registered) 68 meters 



Breadth (mid) 11 meters 



Depth (mid) 5 meters 



Designed load draft (mid) 4 meters 



Gross tonnage 1,387 tons 



Sea speed 13 knots 



Complement 118 



(15 officers, 36 crew, 7 teachers, 60 cadets) 



Depth to main deck amidship at side 21 feet 



Draft, fuU load 15 feet 



Displacement, full load 1200 tons 



Speed, sustained 13 knots 



Endurance at 12 knots 12,000 mUes 



Propulsion plant: single screw (diesel electric) 

 Accommodations: 



Officers 9 



Crew 14 



Scientists 15 



Total 38 



Care has been taken in the preliminary studies thus far conducted to see that these require- 

 ments listed here are included in the design. In so far as possible in a ship of this size, it is 

 planned to include the concept of independence at sea, so that as much of the data as possible 

 is worked up on board ship before return to the laboratory. 



INADEQUACY OF CONVERSIONS 



Many difficulties arise when conversions are substituted for new construction. First and 

 most important is the fact that if all of the desirable requirements are included in a conversion, 

 it means practically rebuilding the ship. This is nearly as expensive as new construction, yet 

 does not yield the desired results. A compromise on the requirements is reflected in a com- 

 promise of the research. 



Major modification to Navy ships is not allowed because the ships must always be In con- 

 dition for immediate availability in case of emergency. And most ships available for conver- 

 sion are already aged beyond the time when they can be economically used. Repairs and upkeep 

 are abnormally high, and considerable time is lost in the yard. 



M. Rosenblatt & Son, in a study for the Woods Hole Oceanograirfiic Institution on the con- 

 version of the Coast Guard Cutter, CRAWFORD, concluded that: 



