186 OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES 



recordinf^ the animal life at the sea floor, and for makin;[^ a host of 

 physical measurements under the supervision of a scientist, so tliat 

 on-the-spot decisions can be made with respect to the taking of data 

 which has heretofore been collected in a "blind" fashion. 



The Trieste is now located at the Nav}^ Electronics Laboratory in 

 San Diego where it is being readied for a series of dives off the west 

 coast. The dives will be oriented toward acoustical studies of interest 

 to the Navy in its ASW program. 



Aside from some of the more obvious military uses of a craft such 

 as the Trieste, we are witnessing the opening of a new era of explora- 

 tion. I fully expect, before too many years have passed, that deep- 

 diving craft of several types will be exploring the ocean fully in its 

 third dimension, that is, with depth. This will make available three- 

 quarters of the globe which has hitherto been denied us because of 

 the intervening water. 



In the next slide, number 7, we see illustrated a model of the Keyn- 

 olds Aluminum Co. bathyscaph Aluminaut, which undoubtedly will 

 be but the first of a series of improved, manned deep-diving devices. 

 While the Navy has functioned thus far only in an advisory capacity 

 on the design and use of the Aluminaut, its development and con- 

 struction is being carefully observed. Please note that several im- 

 provements over the Trieste have been incorporated. The most im- 

 portant of these is the fact that gasoline will not be used for buoyancy 

 and that the Aluminaut will carry more scientists over a longer range. 

 The main work of the bathyscaph lies somewhat in the future, 

 so while we are thinking ahead, I would like to make a few remarks 

 about our administrative plans for the future of research at sea. 



By this time, the Subcommittee on Oceanography is well aware of 

 the impression the National Academy of Sciences Report on Ocean- 

 ography has made on the country. There is no doubt but that the 

 major recommendations made in that report must be carried out. 



You have seen our preliminary document called Project TENOC 

 which was entered in the Congressional Record a few weeks ago. We 

 consider TENOC to be our share of the Academy's recommendations. 

 However, a few points of comparison are in order. 



The National Academy report covers all aspects of oceanography 

 while the TENOC recommendations are only concerned with Navy 

 support in research. By selecting the recommendations of the 

 Academy report dealing exclusively with Navy supported oceano- 

 graphic research, it is possible to make a good comparison. On that 

 basis the enclosed table has been compiled. The figures represent 

 funds in millions of dollars. Although, it appears from the table, 

 TP3NOC i-ecommends a much larger ex])ansion in oceanographic re- 

 search, it should be remembered that the Academy recommendations 

 for the Navy support in research i-epresent only half of the total 

 suggested expansion. 



The National Science Foundation is recommended to support the 

 other half, tlius resulting in a total ex])ansion of $'270.8 millicm dollars 

 in oceano.'ri\ii)hic research and total shi[)building program of 10 

 research ships. 



In the introduction to the NASCO sununnry, it was stressed that 

 the roconuiiendations ai'c minimal. The c()ini)arison with TENOC 

 indicates that this is fru'e. In compiling the recommendations in 



