OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES 269 



ships — though still small in comparison to the berths for 70 scientists 

 on both the Vityaz and Michail Lomonossoia of the U.S.S.K. It is a 

 salutary fact that all the oceanographers in the United States put to- 

 gether could not fill the scientific berths available in the Soviet research 

 fleet. 



The research vessel Graioford and the research vessel Bear have per- 

 formed magnificiently for small ships; but it has been constantly 

 necessary to overextend their capabilities in order to do some essential 

 piece of research. The Crawford made 8 of the 13 trans-Atlantic 

 crossings we have made in connection with the International Geo- 

 physical Year and her scientists sampled the ocean in 6,100 spots. This 

 is a fair proportion for 1 small ship of the 24,000 samplings this Insti- 

 tution has made in the Atlantic Oceans during the IGY alone. 



The implementation of the recommendation of the National Acad- 

 emy of Sciences' report for an expanded research fleet of modern ships 

 is one of the key facets of the proposed program which is completely 

 essential if tliis country is to maintain its necessary stature in the 

 science of the world. Naturally the construction of ships requires 

 expanded shore facilities and they should be closely coordinated. Ac- 

 complislunent of one aspect without the other would be fruitless and 

 unwise. 



BUDGET 



This Institution was founded on the concept that science should be 

 largely funded by private means and was provided with a private en- 

 dowment of $2 million in addition to money for the land, the laboratory 

 and the research vessel Atlantis. Today the market value of our en- 

 downment is estimated at $5 million. There have been no substantial 

 gifts for endowment since the first year. These funds were sufficient 

 to meet the needs of the small staff during the 1930's, but with the on- 

 set of World War II and its attendant urgent requirements in oceano- 

 graphy it became necessary to supplement the operating funds by 

 money from the Federal Government — largely through the Office of 

 Scientific Research and Development and the Navy. 



Today about 90 percent of our annual budget is obtained from Fed- 

 eral funds. The remaining 10 percent is available from private fund- 

 ing—endowment income, industrial grants, and WHOI Associates. 

 During 1959, our estimated expenditures of $3i/^ million will almost 

 double the original endowment figure. Without question oceano- 

 graphy is one of the more expensive sciences when the cost per single 

 datum point is considered. But the total expenditures are insignific- 

 antly small in comparison to the need. A breakdown of our budget for 

 1959 is shown in table IV. 



