1899.] on Roman Defences of South-East Britain. 41 



these are shown on excavation of the areas of these walled towns and 

 castra, and are well exhibited in the plan (Dareniberg's Encyclopaedia) 

 of the town of Troesmis. 



The buildings in the castra now under consideration have only 

 to a slight degree been ascertained, and have moreover in three 

 striking cases been confused by the erection of mediaeval buildings 

 within them, such as the Norman and later works in Portchester, 

 including not only the keep and allied buildings, but also, in 

 the further corner of the castrum, a Norman church, at Pevensey 

 again a Norman keep, and buildings including a chapel. At Rich- 

 borough there is the most remarkable formation in the centre, an 

 enormous platform of concrete, 30 feet thick, with a cruciform block 

 of masonry in the middle, which was occupied by a chapel in mediaeval 

 times. This may have been preceded by an early Roman British 

 churcb, or the platform may have formed the base of a lighthouse 

 tower, analogous to the two which stood on each side of the valley at 

 Dover, only one of which now remains next the church within the 

 accessory * Roman Camp now included in the enceinte of the mediaeval 

 castle. 



you may remark that the Church of Reculver stands within the 

 castrum, and that the construction of its chancel arch with two 

 Roman pillars shows the very early origin at least of the Augustinian 

 epoch, if not earlier. 



At Lympne I found that the site of what apparently was the 

 Governor's house, which had already been discovered by Mr. Roach 

 Smith, exhibited round the outside wall an original cobble stone 

 paving, which we may conclude was generally employed for the side 

 streets in such walled castra. 



The same camp Lympne also shows the foundations of some large 

 buildings, which may be taken to have been store-houses, and have 

 been termed barracks, but do not resemble the barracks, gladiatorial 

 or otherwise, at Pompeii at all, where a large number of rooms opened 

 on to a court-yard. The windows of such buildings are extant at 

 Lympne, being built into the wall of an out-house there. As Mr. 

 Roach Smith has shown, and other archaeologists have shown, such 

 openings were rounded at the top, with embrasured sides, and the 

 window gill bevelled outwards as a rain drip. The walls were 

 plastered, and then painted in distemper. These buildings were 

 warmed by the usual hypocausts. 



Besides these official buildings, there were, of course, numerous 

 small houses and shops, which are set forth in the Troesmis plan, 

 and are analogous to the buildings now being so carefully explored 

 at Silchester. 



We now come to the historical stories, which, so far as we know, 

 are closely associated with these fortified stations, and, as I have 

 already suggested, the interest really begins towards the end of the 



* Accessory because the walled town of Dubris lay below in the valley. 



