1901.] Through the Heart of Africa from South to North. 541 



second grade chief argued the case on its merits from his point of 

 view, as did each of his colleagues in order of juniority until the 

 senior had spoken. Thus the juniors could not be influenced by the 

 speeches of their seniors. But when the turn of the three big men 

 came, the order was reversed and the senior spoke first, for they 

 were high officers of state, and as such should possess the courage 

 of their own opinions. The court was then adjourned, and the finding 

 was submitted to the king, who passed judgment. 



Heredity is the primary mould by which character and intellect 

 are shaped : subsequent influences develop and modify the image so 

 created. Lewanika on inheriting a chieftainship under what is, com- 

 paratively speaking, so liberal a constitution, would also in the 

 natural course of events inherit such qualities as had through his 

 forefathers been fostered in the ruler and the recipient of homage, 

 that is a certain width of mind and dignity in manner — qualities 

 which are not conspicuous in the average African. Beyond this, 

 Lewanika has been more fortunate than most in a similar position. 

 Sixteen years ago he acceded to the request of M. Coillard, a French 

 Protestant missionary, to be allowed to establish a mission in Burotse. 

 Since then he has come directly under the influence of this spirited 

 gentleman and Christian man. I have met many missionaries and 

 others during my travels in Africa, but never a moro charming 

 personality than my friend M. Coillard. He is one of those rare 

 men who not merely by his principles, but by the way he gives those 

 principles effect, commands the respect and confidence of all men. 

 Though he has not succeeded in Christianising Lewanika, he has 

 strongly influenced him for good, yet no amount of teaching could 

 have made him what he is had he not been a natural gentleman. 



Early in September I bade farewell to Captains Quicke and 

 Hamilton, who had returned to Lialui on completion of their re- 

 spective journeys along the Lungwebungu and Kwando rivers. To 

 complete the map of Marotseland three journeys were still necessary, 

 which would finally place us at points very far apart from one 

 another. Quicke and Hamilton would be only some 700 miles from 

 the west and east coast respectively, while I would be 600 miles 

 from either of them. To " rendezvous " in these circumstances 

 would entail considerable delay, so it was decided that we should 

 take different routes. Quicke and Hamilton would leave Africa by 

 the west and east respectively, myself by the north. 



It is with the keenest pleasure that I now, for the fourth time, 

 publicly express my sincere appreciation of the services of those 

 gentlemen who threw in their lot with me in 1898, and so honour- 

 ably kept their pledge till every object of the expedition had been 

 fully realised. Mr. Weller during our ascent of the Zambesi by 

 steam launch, from the sea to the Guay confluence, and Captains 

 Quicke and Hamilton in Marotseland, rendered invaluable services 

 in circumstances sometimes of considerable discouragement. By the 

 death of Mr. Miiller in the earlier stage of our progress, we not only 



