OUTLETS OF THE ST. JOHN RIVEK. 49 



juices, not liowever on the vast scale of those which took 

 place in the Huronian age. But tlH)ngh the volcanoes 

 were less active the tangential pressure from the ocean 

 liecame more intense, and finally culminated in the 

 extrusion of extensive areas of granite. These movements 

 were complicated with the production of new fault-lines 

 and changes of level along the old ones. 



In Cambrian times the movement ah^ig the two 

 great faults that hound the old volcanic range of the 

 Kingston rocks was reversed from what it had been in 

 Huronian time, and the valleys which were thus formed 

 on each side of the Kingston ridge were filled Avith 

 Cambrian sediments. Another fault line had formed 

 .along the northern rim of the valley on the north of the 

 Kingston ridge, producing a parallel valley in which 

 Upper Silurian muds were deposited. 



It was probably at this period, that is to say at the 

 close of Devonian time, that the great cross fault was 

 formed, which extends from the granite in the JSTerepis 

 hills to the Xarrows of the river above Indiantown.^ This 

 fault, enlarged into a valley, of which the Xerepis inter- 

 vals, the Short Reach and Grand Bay form parts, serves 

 to catch the waters of the rivers coming down the long 

 valleys to the eastward and convey them to Indiantown. 



Growth of the Kennebecasis Valley. 



One more stage in these profound earth movements 

 may be referred to. If we pass on to the close of Car- 

 boniferous time, although there are proofs of compara- 

 tively mild volcanic action in the interior of the Province 

 of Xew Brunswick at this time, no pliA^sical change 



* The continuity of this fault line is broken by the granite ridge of Pleasant 

 point, opposite Indiantown ; but W. D. Matthew informs me that this granite is 

 traversed by numerous trap dykes (diabase), parallel in their course to the Short 

 Reach fault. 



