■60 BULLETIN OF THE NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY. 



Subterranean Water-ways. 



The first I shall refer to was along and beneath the 

 valley in which the Intercolonial railway runs, and is 

 marked by limestone sinks at several points. One of 

 these is Avest of Torryburn station, the next is Lawlors 

 lake. It is difficult to account for the deep cup-like 

 form of this lake, surrounded by steep hills of limestone, 

 on any ordinary theory of erosion by surface-wear, and 

 we suppose it to be due to the undermining of the rock 

 along pre-glacial subterranean water-courses. A third 

 sink on this line is south-west of LaAvlor's lake. The 

 present drainage of the two western sinks of this valle}' 

 is discharged by a spring at the head of the "Marsh," 

 at the level of the marine alluvium, the spring being 

 blocked at this level by the marshy deposit. 



The other instance of an old abandoned channel in 

 the limestones is Oliver's cave, on Howe's road. ISo 

 stream runs near this cave now, but close by, to the 

 north-east, lying in a valley opening north-eastwards to 

 the Kennebecasis, occupied by several lakes, is a small 

 pond, called Dark lake, which discharges by an under- 

 ground passage into the valley of Simond's marsh. The 

 stream through this valley enters the St. John river 

 just above Indian town. The valley of this stream is con- 

 siderably lower than Dark l-^ike and the outlet of Oliver's 

 cave, opposite those places, and is filled at this lower 

 level with an alluvial deposit, probably resting on Leda 

 clay. Oliver's cave consists of a descending passage and 

 two chambers, and terminates in a well, filled with water 

 to the depth of the surface of the alluvium in the valley 

 adjoining. It is evident that the water-channel formed 

 through the limestone rock at Oliver's cave is a verv old one 



