60 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1960 



material was recovered this season and the results of the tests proved 

 to be of small diagnostic value. The first three appear to have been 

 sporadically occupied camping places. The fourth, the Good Soldier 

 Creek site (39LM238), previously investigated, is a stratified site of 

 Plains Woodland affiliation overlain by a Mississippian component. 



A series of six sites near the mouth of Councelor Creek was investi- 

 gated. Site 39LM240 was briefly tested and proved to be another 

 sporadically occupied camp site with a few potsherds of the lona 

 types suggesting occupation in the later ceramic period of circular 

 earth lodges. Site 39LM234 was extensively tested with a series of 

 10 test pits scattered tlirough the multitude of hunmiocks and depres- 

 sions on the surface. Results were disappointing but adequate to 

 demonstrate that it was the location of a village of one of the late 

 periods in the area. Sites 39LM88 and 39LM89, newly located in 

 1959, and the Tom Rattler site (39LM214) were briefly tested with 

 very little diagnostic material being recovered. The Useful Heart 

 site (39LM6) was extensively tested. There a sterile mantle 3 to 4 

 feet in depth covered the remains of a village of late circular houses 

 related to the Stanley Focus. A lower level of occupation at a 

 depth of 6.5 feet represented an earlier time level with pottery related 

 to the Over Focus. 



The next group of sites upstream (3901229, 230, 231, and 233) 

 were all briefly tested with negative results and written off as small, 

 sporadically occupied camp sites. A fifth site in this group, the Pretty 

 Head site (39L1M232) was not investigated as it Avas the location of 

 a large village and is scheduled for more extensive excavation than 

 time would allow in the 1959 season. It is the only site in that imme- 

 diate vicinity where additional work is required. The next group 

 upstream included site 39L1VI217, where brief testing produced only 

 scattered evidence of sporadic occupation, and four significantly 

 productive sites. The School site (39LM21G) was the remains of a 

 large village of circular earth lodges and contained pottery of lona 

 types. One house quadrant and several test trenches were excavated. 

 The Crazy Bull site (39LM219) was another large village site of 

 circular earth lodges and provided pottery of the lona, Stanley, and 

 Talking Crow types. Half a house and several test trenches were exca- 

 vated. Site 39LM220, likewise, had been a village of circular earth 

 lodges and it yielded pottery predominantly of the lona types. There 

 a half house and several test trenches were excavated. Site 3901221 

 was a group of three moderate-size burial mounds. Trenching in them 

 uncovered burial pits, infant burials, and scattered human bones. The 

 artifacts were not abundant but were sufficient to demonstrate a prob- 

 able relationship of the site to the Truman iMoimd group (39BF224) 

 excavated by Robert W. Neuman in 1958. Finally a brief investigation 



