COTTON FIBER SCIENCE — -PALMER 



499 



Table 3. — Cotton fiber cross-sectional data for 3 figures in plate 3 and 3 figures in 



plate 4 



Selected cottons 



1. Fine fiber, Sea Island.. 



2. Fine fiber, American 



upland . — 



3. Medium fiber, Ameri- 



can upland 



1. Medium fiber, Ameri- 



can upland 



2. Coarse fiber, Ameri- 



can upland 



3. Very coarse fiber, 



Asian 



Average 



total 

 area, in 

 squiire 

 microns 



80. 02 

 127. GO 

 14S. S-i 

 1 78. 07 

 252. 8G 

 606. 02 



Average 

 wair 

 thick- 

 ness, in 

 microns 



2 26 

 2.86 



2. HS 



3. 36 



4. 30 

 9.33 



Average 

 ratio 

 axes: 



major/ 

 minor 



2. 80 



2. 80 

 3.37 



3. 20 

 2. 82 

 1. 52 



Average fiber 



diameter, in 



microns 



14.28 X 6.79 

 IS.IOX 7.15 

 22.03 X 6.75 

 22.91 X 7.89 

 25.60 X 9.S5 

 29.42X20.50 



Approxi- 

 mate 

 wt./in., 

 in micro- 

 grams 



1.82 



3. 44 



4. 20 

 5.30 

 7.92 



20.30 



REFERENCES 



This partial list of references, selected from sevoral thousand and including 

 some not heretofore publicly cited, is Intended to afford historical perspective on 

 the origins and development of cotton-fiber science in the United States. Ac- 

 cordingly, tlie list has been limited to writings by American authors and does 

 not include citations of contributions to the world literature by scientists abroad, 

 many of which, especially those published in England, Continental Europe, Egypt, 

 India, Pakistan, and Japan, have proved most valuable and stimulating to prog- 

 ress in this country. The list includes only references to testing methods and 

 apparatus in relatively wide use and those thought to be historically important 

 in their development. Publications relating to instruments and technirpies de- 

 signed for limited research purposes and some of those identified with apparatus 

 and methods adapted particularly to the study of single fibers, in contrast to 

 groups of fibers, have not been included. A complete bibliography, moreover, 

 would include titles of a great number of contributions in tlie United States in 

 such specialized areas as the chemical modification of cotton fibers ; fiber modi- 

 fication in the ginning process, including drying, cleaning, and compressing, and 

 in tlie various mechanical and finishing processes of textile manufacture; as well 

 as the geometric and factorial design of yarns and fabrics for specific apparel, 

 household, and industrial uses. Space limitations dictate many painful omis- 

 sions of the kind, the importance of which is recognized and no less appreciated. 



1910-14 



Cobb, N. A. 



1912. An accurate method of measuring cotton staple. Nat. Assoc. Cotton 

 Mfgrs. Bull., 20 pp., illus. 



1915-19 



Conn, N. A. 



1916. Methods of determining length of cotton staple and illustrations of 

 their application. Nat. Assoc. Cotton Mfgrs. Bull., 108 pp., illus. 



