572 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1960 



3. R. J. Braidwood, Prelude to civilization. Paper presented at a symposium 



on the Expansion of Society, held at the Oriental Institute, University of 

 Chicago, December 1958. 



4. See A. L. Kroeber, Anthropology, pp. 779-781, Harcourt, Brace, 1948, and 



G. R. Willey, Amer. Anthropologist, vol. 57, p. 571, 1955, for a discussion 

 of Nuclear America. 



5. The Intermediate area is defined by G. R. Willey in a paper presented at the 



33d Interuat. Congr. Americanists, San Jose, Costa Rica, 1958. 



6. Q. R. Willey, paper presented at the Darwin Centennial Celebration, Uni- 



versity of Chicago, November 1959. 



7. H. M. Wormington, Ancient man in North America, Denver Mus. Nat. Hist. 



Pop. Ser. No. 4, pp. 23-91, 107, 118, 120-192, 1957. 



8. R. Linton, Trans. New York Acad. Sci., vol. 2, p. 171, 1949. 



9. J. D. Jennings, Danger Cave, Soc. Amer. Archaeol. Mem. 14, 1957. 



10. P. C. Orr, Nevada State Mus. Bull. 2, 1956. 



11. There are many of these. In figures 1 and 2 the Alto Parana complex of 



southern South America is representative. See O. F. A. Menghin, Am- 

 purias, vol. 17, p. 171 ; ibid., vol. 18, p. 200. 



12. F. C. Hibben, Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 99, No. 23, 1941. 



13. J. Witthoft, Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 96, p. 464, 1952 ; D. S. Byers, Amer. 



Antiquity, vol. 19, p. 343, 1954. 



14. L. Aveleyra Arroyo de Auda, Amer. Antiquity, vol. 22, p. 12, 1956; R. S. 



MacNeish, Rev. Mex. Estud. Antropol., vol. 11, p. 79, 1950. 



15. J. M. Cruxent and I. Rouse, Amer. Antiquity, vol. 22, p. 172, 1956. 



16. A. R. Gonzales, Ruua, vol. 5, p. 1190, 1952; D. E. Ibarra Grasso, Proc. 



Internat. Congr. Americanists, 31st Congr., Sao Paulo, vol. 2, p. 561, 1955. 



17. J. B. Bird, Geogr. Rev., vol. 28, p. 250, 1938. 



18. These later food-collecting and hunting cultures are discussed by G. R. Willey 



and P. Phillips (see 2, pp. 104-143) as the New World "Archaic" stage. 



19. See references to level "D-II" in J. D. Jennings, Danger Cave (9), as an 



example. 



20. C. W. Meighan, in The Masterkey, vol. 33, pp. 46-59, Los Angeles, 1959, dis- 



cusses tlie evidences for a big-game-hunting pattern in the Great Basin. 



21. J. D. Jennings and E. Norbeck, Amer. Antiquity, vol. 21, p. 1, 1955. 



22. R. F. Ileizer, ibid., vol. 17, p. 23, 1951. 



23. L. S. Cressman, Southwestern Journ. Anthrop., vol. 7, p. 289, 1951. 



24. E. B. Sayles and E. Antevs, The Cochise Culture, Medallion Papers, No. 24, 



Gila Pueblo, Globe, Ariz., 1941. 



25. The caves in Coahuila, excavated by W. W. Taylor, are representative. See 



W. W. Taylor, Bull. Texas Archaeol. Soc, vol. 27, p. 215, 1956. 



26. W. D. Logan, An Archaic site in Montgomery County, Missouri, Missouri 



Archaeol. Soc, Mem. 2, 1952. 



27. See Amer. Antiquity, vol. 24, No. 3, 1959 (an issue devoted entirely to Archaic 



cultures of North America). 



28. W. S. Webb, Indian Knoll, Site Oh-2, Ohio County, Kentucky, Univ. Ken- 



tucky Dept. Anthropol. and Archaeol. Pubis., vol. 4, No. 3, pt. 1, 1946. 



29. W. A. Ritchie, The Lamoka Lake site. New York State Archaeol. Assoc. 



Res. and Trans., vol. 7, pp. 79-134, 1932. 



30. J. B. Bird, Excavations in northern Chile, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthrop. 



Pap. No. 38, pt. 4, 1943. 



31. See G. R. Willey, Amer. Antiquity, vol. 23, p. 365, 1958. 



32. J. M. Cruxent and I. Rouse, An archaeological chronology of Venezuela. In 



press. 



