574 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1960 



49. See G. R. Willey, Amer. Anthropologist, vol. 57, p. 571, 1955. 



50. However, zoned rocker-stamped pottery decoration appears earlier in Japan 



than in any part of the Americas. A distributional study of this tech- 

 nique for decorating iiottery is included in the Ph.D. thesis of R. M. 

 Greengo, Harvard University, 1956, 



51. See V. G. Childe, in Anthropology today, A. L. Kroeber, Ed., Univ. Chicago 



Press., pp. 193-210, 1953. 



52. G. R. Willey and P. Phillips (2, pp. 144-147) define this as the "Formative" 



stage. 



53. See R. S. MacNeish (37) for such culture pha.ses as the Laguna and the 



Mesa de Guaje. 



54. G. C. Vaillant, Excavations at Zacatenco, Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. Anthrop. 



Pap. No. 32, pt. 1, 1930. 



55. E. M. Shook, in The civilization of ancient America, vol. 1 of selected papers 



of the 29th Internat. Congr. Americanists, pp. 93-100, 1951, S. Tax, Ed., 

 Univ. Chicago Press. 



56. M. D. Coe, thesis. Harvard Univ., 1959. 



57. For Mamom phase, see A. L. Smith, Uaxactun, Guatemala : Excavations of 



1931-1937, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 588, 1950. 



58. The early ceramic phases, Yarumela I, Yohoa Monochrome, and Pavon, from 



Honduras and northern Veracruz, may represent village-farming cultures, 

 or they may be coincident with incipient cultivation. For these phases see 

 J. S. Canby, in The civilizations of ancient America, pp. 79-85, 1951, S. 

 Tax, Ed., Univ. Chicago Press ; W. D. Strong, A. Kidder II, and A. J. D. 

 Paul, Jr., Smithsonian Misc. Coll., vol. 97, No. 1, p. Ill, 1938 ; R. S. Mac- 

 Neish, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc, vol. 44, No. 5, 1954. 



59. J. B. Bird, in Radiocarbon dating, Soc. Amer. Archeol. Mem. No. 8, pp. 37-49, 



sample 75, 1951. 



60. C. Evans and B. J. Meggers, Amer. Antiquity, vol. 22, p. 235, 1957 ; personal 



communication, 1958. 



61. H. M. Wormington, A reappraisal of the Fremont culture, Proc. Denver 



Mus. Nat. Hist, No. 1, 1955. 



62. A. R. Gonzalez, Contextos culturales y cronologia relativa en el Area Central 



del Noroeste Argentino, An. Arqueol. y Etnol., vol. 11, 1955. 



63. J. R. Caldwell, Trend and tradition in the prehistory of the eastern United 



States, Amer. Anthrop. Assoc. IMem. No. 88, 1958. 



64. See J. B. Griffin, The chronological position of the Hopewellian culture in 



the eastern United States, Univ. Michigan INIus. Anthrop., Anthrop. Pap. 

 No. 12, 1958, for a r<5sum6 and analysis of Adeua and HoiHiwell radio- 

 carbon dates. 



65. J. A. Ford and C. H. Webb, Poverty Point: A Late Archaic site in Louisiana, 



Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., Anthrop. Pap. No. 46, pt. 1, 1956. 



66. R. Wauchope, Middle American Research Records, Tulane University, New 



Orleans, La., vol. 1, No. 14, 1950, states the case for an early village- 

 farming level without ceremonial mounds or constructions. While it is 

 true that in some regions of Middle America the temple mound is absent 

 in the earlier part of the "Formative" or "Preclassic" period, it is not 

 clear that such a horizon prevails throughout all of Middle America. In 

 fact, recent data (see M. D. Coe (56) ) suggest that temple mounds were 

 present in southern Middle America at the very beginnings of village 

 farming. 



67. See R. K. Beardsley, B. J. Meggers, et al., in Seminars in Archaeology : 1955, 



Soc. Amer. Archaeol. Mem. No. 11, pp. 143-145, 1956, for discussion of an 

 "advanced nuclear centered community." 



