THE FOREHEAD HRDLICKA 409 



bers of the National Academy of Sciences. The subject is thus so 

 advanced that it justifies a sununing up and a presentation of the 

 results. 



The data at hand are to be considered in relation to three chief 

 problems. The first of these is that of the correlation of the height 

 of forehead with intellectuality; the second is that of racial differ- 

 ences ; and the third that of differences in the two sexes. 



FOREHEAD AND INTELLECTUALITY 



Thanks to the measurements taken recently on the members of 

 the National Academj'', men who unquestionably represent the intel- 

 lectual leaders in their lines, it is now possible to get some fairly 

 definite light on the mooted question of the relation of the height 

 of the forehead to brain superiority. 



There are four excellent groups for comparison. The first is 

 the standard group of old Americans,* comprising normal men in 

 all walks of life. The second is that of the old American high- 

 landers of northeastern Tennessee — one of the most belated groups 

 educationally and otherwise in this country. The third group 

 comprises old American members of the National Academy, 

 and the fourth takes in members of the Academy regardless of 

 derivation.* 



The data on these four groups follow : 



Height of forehead, males 



Centimeters 



510 Old Americans at large 6. 59 



118 Old Americans: Tennessee Highlands 6.57 



^ 25 Old Americans, members of the National Academy 6. 57 



32 Members National Academy, irrespective of nationality 6. 58 



If the height of the forehead is any index wdiatever of brain ac- 

 tivity and grade, some material difference should certainly appear 

 in the dimension between the mountaineers and the members of the 

 Academy ; but there is no such difference. Instead, the two groups, 

 so far apart in mental differentiation, have foreheads of the identical 

 mean height. And this is true of all the four groups under consider- 

 ation. The agreement is in fact most astonishing and beyond nor- 

 mal expectation with a measurement of such a nature. Yet it is no 

 accident, for the proportions hold steady when tested on fair subdi- 

 visions of the groups. 



There are few if any occasions when anthropology could dispose 

 of data of such a very desirable nature. Groups were studied of 



■At least 3 genorntions American-born on both sides of tbe family. 



• As many of the members of tho .\ca(lemy arc advanced in years, the numbiTs of 

 those in whom no hair liad been lost over the foreliead is not large. There were 118, 

 actually, in whom the height of the forehead could not be secured for this reason. 



