THE FOREHEAD HRDLICKA 



413 



In the American Nei^ro the female forehead in absolute height is 

 even nearer that of the male than in the whites, and exceeds con- 

 siderably that of the male relatively to stature. The small number 

 of available Negro subjects makes definite conclusions impossible, 

 but the indications are very manifest. 



INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 



The height of the forehead in each group examined was found 

 to show extensive individual variation. The range of this is shown 

 in the figures below. It exceeds considerably that of facial height ^^ 

 and all other facial and head measurements, except ear length. As 

 with most other dimensions, it is appreciably greater in the male 

 than in the female. Racially, though the figures are affected by the 

 unequal and in one or perhaps two cases by inadequate numbers of 

 subjects, it is evidently greatest in the American Indian. 



CAUSES 



The data given in this paper show definitely that, in general, the 

 height of the forehead is unaffected by mental development, but is 

 subject not only to large individual but also to substantial racial 

 and sex differences. 



Range of individual variation in height of forehead 



Group 



Old Americans (510) 



American Indians (1,091). 



p:skimo (182) 



American Negroes (20)... 



Old Americans (207) 



American Indians (453). 



Eskimo 



American Negroes 



Range of 

 variation 



5. 1 to 8. 3 

 4. to 8. 4 

 5. 3 to 8. 6 

 5. 2 to 8. 1 



5. 2 to 7. 

 4. 7 to 7. 



Difference 

 (d) 



3.2 

 4.4 

 3.3 

 2.9 



2.6 

 3.1 



Mean 

 (m) 



6.58 

 6.64 

 7.16 



6.45 

 6.11 



Extent of 

 variation 

 / rfxioo \ 



i8.6 

 St.i 

 46.1 

 i!.6 



iO.S 

 BO. 7 



Both the race and the sex differences are of a peculiar nature. 

 The race differences, except perhaps in the Negro, show but little 

 taxonomic (classificatory) value. They are apparently largely in- 

 cidental. The sex differences are not harmonious in the different 

 groups, which is exceptional. In the white and the Negro they 

 favor the females; in the American Indian^- the condition is re- 

 versed. 



" See my old Americans, pp. 30.'}-394. 



"As well as In the Eskimo, according to my impression. 



