460 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 193 3 



and dots (pi. 5, figs. 1-3; pi. 6, figs. 16, 17, 19-22) ; later the lines 

 and spurs became deeper and compass-made circles appeared (pi. 5, 

 figs. 4-10). 



The harpoon heads from the oldest site, E, were of a wide variety 

 of forms, with open and closed sockets for the foreshaft, with end and 

 side blades, with single and double line holes (pi. 6, figs. 1-5). 



Harpoon heads from the lower levels of D were of the same forms 

 as those from E, although there was a tendency toward increased 

 size and elaboration of the base (pi. 6, figs. 7-14). Those from the 

 later sections of D (pi. 6, figs. 15-23), belonging to what may be called 

 the Early Punuk stage, were similar in form, but the pronounced 

 spurs at the base had been reduced, resulting in a slightly irregular 

 or plain spur; and there was only a slight elevation and dot where 

 earlier there had been a raised circle and dot. Harpoon heads of the 

 Birnirk type, so common at Point Barrow on the Arctic coast, also 

 appeared during the Early Punuk stage (pi. 6, fig. 18). It should be 

 noted, however, that multiple basal spurs and side blades of stone, 

 the features which mark the Birnirk type, had been present even at 

 the oldest Gambell site, E. 



Some of the harpoon heads from the next site, C (pi. 6, figs. 24, 

 25) , corresponded in form and decoration with those from the upper 

 levels of D, but most of them were either undecorated or bore the late 

 Punuk ornamentation of deep, evenly incised lines (pi. 6, figs. 29, 30). 

 Another type was a modification of the Birnirk, with side blades and 

 a bifurcated symmetrical spur (pi. 6, fig. 26). Lastly, we note the 

 presence of the Thule no. 2 type (pi. 6, fig. 27), with open socket, 

 lashing slots, and two barbs. This is one of the characteristic forms 

 of the prehistoric Thule culture of the central and eastern Eskimo 

 regions.^" 



From the lower levels of the next site, B, came harpoon heads which 

 differed in no way from those found at C and the later sections of D 

 (pi. 6, figs. 31, 32) . The upper levels, however, yielded harpoon heads 

 of simpler types. One w^as the small bladeless form known as Thule 

 no. 1 (pi. 6, figs. 33, 34) ; the other was a modification of the typical 

 open-socketed Punuk head, but smaller and thinner and with the sides 

 of the socket inclined inw^ard so that it became practically closed, 

 thus allowing the foreshaft to remain in place without the aid of a 

 lashing (pi. 6, figs. 35-37). Punuk art was found throughout the 

 midden at B. 



The two types of harpoon heads just described were found also at 

 the next site. A, which was of post-Russian age, as shown by the 

 presence of a few glass beads and pieces of iron (pi. 6, figs. 28-40). 



"Mathiassen, Therkel, Archaeology of the Central Eskimos (Rep. Fifth Thule Expe- 

 dition, 1921-24, vol. 4) 2, vols., Copenhagen, 1927. 



