170 



xendii). In the willow copses along the streams of the valley por- 

 tions, the Tawny Thrush ( Turdus fusccscens) sings in company with 

 the Western Tanager (Pt/ranga Ludoviciana) and Black-headed Gros- 

 beak {Hedymeles melanocephalus) ; the Redstart (Setophaga ruticiUa') 

 and Fairy Titmouse {Psaltripanis plumbeus) may often be seen flitting 

 through the same thickets ; in the meadows, Bobolinks (Dolichonyx 

 orijziGorus) and Yellow-headed Blackbirds {Xantliocophaliis irteroceph- 

 nlus) mingle together; in the same cottonwood trees may be found 

 nests of the Eastern and Western Kingbirds {Tyrannus Carolinensis 

 and 7\ verticaJis), while around them sport together the eastern Red- 

 headed Woodpecker {Melanerpes erythrocephalus) and its ring-necked 

 cousin {M. torquatus). Besides those above mentioned, are many 

 other eastern species whose ranges find their western limit in this 

 neighborhood. Mr. Allen gives the following as found at Ogden : — 

 Dendroica BlacJdnirnice (Sept.) : Vireosylvia olivacea (Sept.). Other 

 eastern species, given in Mr. Allen's list, I have obtained at various 

 points in Nevada, as follows : — Helminthophaga rnjicapiUa (East Hum- 

 boldt Mts., Sept. ; also California, Xantus and Gruber) ; Lanivireo soli- 

 taria (West and East Humboldt Mts., Sept. and Oct.) ; Ampelis cedro- 

 rum (Humboldt Valley, Sept.) : Dolichonyx oryzivorus (Ruby Valley, 

 August) ; Tyrannus Carolinensis (Truckee River, July and August) ; 

 also Spizella monticola (western Nevada; winter resident) and Ecto- 

 pistesmigmtoria (West Humboldt Mts., Sept.), not given in Mr. Allen's 

 list. Besides the foregoing species, Mr. C. Drexler obtained at Fort 

 Bridger, near the northeastern corner of Utah, and still within the 

 Wahsatch region, the following additional species : — Seiurus Novebo- 

 racensis, Empidonnx minimus, and Qniscahis ptnrpureiis var. aeneus. 

 These will undoubtedly yet be found in the Salt Lake Valley. 



In addition to these species, Mr. H. W. Henshaw, of Lieut. Wheeler's 

 expedition, procured the Melospiza palustris in southern Utah, and 

 obtained good evidence of the breeding of Cistothorus stellaris in Utah 

 Lake. 



Another very remarkable peculiarity of the Wahsatch region, which 

 I wish particularly to mention in this connection, is the fact that, in 

 the case of representative species or races, the eastern or Rocky 

 Mountain forms breed there, while the more western forms replace 

 them in the fall and winter. Thus "Aonotrichia Icucnphrys and Jiinco 

 hyhialis var. caniri'ps are the only species of these two genera which 

 breed on the Wahsatch, and they nest there very numerously; but in 

 the fall their place is taken by the western Z. leucophrys var. Gamhelii 

 and J. hycmalis var. Oregonns, which are unknown in summer. Lani- 

 vireo soUlaria var. pUimbea breeds tlun'c, while var. solitaria, coming 

 from the northwestward, replaces it in autumn. The same is the case 

 with Turdus rallasii var. Auduhoni (sunnncr resident) and var. nanus 



