116 



ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 42 



SYSTEM OF CONTROL 



24 Lateral Stabiuty: The dihedral 

 only was used for maintaining lat- 

 eral balance. (L. M. p. 4o). 



25 Longitudinal Stability: Langley 

 relied upon the Penaud system of 

 inherent stability for maintaining 

 the longitudinal equilibrium. "For 

 the preservation of the equilibrium 

 [longitudinal] of the aerodrome, 

 though the aviator might assist by 

 such slight movements as he was 

 able to make in the limited space of 

 the aviator's car, the main reliance 

 was upon the Penaud tail." (L. M. 

 p. 215). 



20 Steering : Steering in the horizontal 

 plane was done entirely by the split- 

 vane steering rudder located under- 

 neath the main frame. (L. M. p. 

 214). 



Lateraj> Stability : Three means were 

 used for securing lateral balance at 

 Hammondsport : The dihedral angle as 

 used by Langley, a rudder which "serves 

 as a vertical aileron" (Zahm aflSdavit 

 p. 6), and the Penaud tail rudder. The 

 last two constituted a system "identical 

 in principle with that of Complainant's 

 [Wright] combined warping of the 

 wings and the use of the vertical rud- 

 der". (Zahm aflBdavit p. 6). 



LoNGiTtiDiNAL STABILITY : At Ham- 

 mondsport the Penaud inherent longi- 

 tudinal stability was supplemented with 

 an elevator system of control. 



Steering : On one day. May 28, 1914, 

 steering in the horizontal plane was 

 done with the vertical rudder which 

 had been substituted for the original 

 Langley split-vane steering rudder. 

 After May 28th the steering was done 

 by the vertical surface of the tail rud- 

 der (Zahm affidavit p. 7), which in 1903 

 vras immovable about a vertical axis, 

 (L. M. p. 214). 



POWER PLANT 



27 Motor : Langley 5 cylinder radial. 



28 Ignition : Jump spark with dry cell 

 batteries. (L. M. p. 262). 



29 Carburetor: Balzer carburetor con- 

 sisting of a chamber filled with 

 lumps of porous cellular wood sat- 

 urated with gasoline. The air was 

 drawn through this wood. There 

 was no float feed. (L. M. p. 225). 



30 Radiator: Tubes with radiating 

 fins. 



31 Propeixebs : Langley propellers (L. 



iM. pi. 53, pp. 178-182). 



Motor : Langley motor modified. 

 Ignition : Jump spark with magneto. 



Carbltretor: Automobile type wirh 

 float feed. 



Radiator : Automobile radiator of 

 honeycomb type. 



Propellers: Langley propellers modi- 

 fied "after fashion of early Wright 

 blades". 



