123 



eighteen inches in diameter, and others quite small. The 

 Indian pottery was composed of clay and pounded clam 

 shells, and dried in the sun at first, though afterwards, 

 as they were used for cooking purposes, they had the 

 appearance of having been baked. These shell heaps 

 also contained axes, gouges, arrow-heads and otlier stone 

 implements, and particularly interesting was a kind of 

 lish spear made of bone. There was also found a kind 

 of awl made of bone, finely pointed and used by the 

 Indians for making holes in skins, etc. I3y an examina- 

 tion of the kitchen refuse heaps of the Indians, it could 

 be determined pretty accurately the kinds of animal food 

 that were used by them. Bones of the deer, moose, and 

 the other animals once common to this part of the coun- 

 tr}', had been found ; also the black bear, and in one 

 instance a tooth of a white bear, which indicated that 

 though this animal is an inhabitant of the arctic regions, 

 he might have been occasionally found, in times long 

 past, in these latitudes. In all, the bones of some ten 

 or twelve of the different kinds of mammalia had been 

 found in these refuse heaps. The bones of a bird now 

 extinct, as is believed, the last known specimen having 

 been taken in Greenland, the great auk, had been found. 

 This bird was of a heavy build and incapable of flight. 

 Of the fish, the Indians used all the common kinds here 

 taken, and they also consumed large quantities of the 

 fish known as the wolf fish, devil fish, or monk fish, 

 which we regard as unfit for food. More than two-thirds 

 of the fish bones found in many of these Indian refuse 

 heaps were of this species. 



EGG CASE OF THE SKATE. 



Another interesting specimen obtained by him was the 

 egg case of one species of the skate. This is found on 



