2IO Memorial of George Brown Goode. 



B. — HISTORICAL MUSEUMS. 



1. The museum of history preserves those material objects which are 

 associated with events in the history of individuals, nations, or races, or 

 which illustrate their condition at different periods in their national life. 



2. Every museum of art and every archaeological museum is also a 

 museum of history, since it contains portraits of historical personages, 

 pictures of historical events, and delineations of customs, costumes, 

 architecture, and race characteristics. 



Comment.— Historical museums are manifold in character, and usually of local 

 interest. Some relate to the histories of provinces and cities. One of the oldest 

 and best of these is the Provincial Museum of the Mark of Brandenburg in Berlin. 

 Of the same class are the Museum of the City of Paris in the Hotel Canavelet, and 

 the museums of the city of Brussels and the city of Antwerp. 



Others illustrate the early history of a race or country, such as the Musee Gallo- 

 Romain at St. Germain, the Romano-German Museum at Mainz, the Etruscan 

 museums at Florence and Bologna, the Ghizeh Museum near Cairo, the Acropolis 

 Museum at Athens, and the museums at Constantinople. 



Such institutions as the Bavarian National Museum at Nuremberg and the German 

 National Museum in Munich have to do with later periods of history, and there are 

 throughout Europe numerous collections of armor, furniture, costumes, and archi- 

 tectural and other objects, illustrating the life and arts of the Middle Ages and the 

 later periods, which are even more significant from the standpoint of th^ historian 

 than from that of the artist. Important among these are the Royal Irish Academy 

 at Dublin, and the Musee des Thermes — the Cluny Museum — in Paris. 



Many of the cathedrals of Europe are essentially either civic or national muse- 

 ums, and such edifices as Saint Paul's and Westminster Abbey belong preeminently 

 to the latter class. 



There are biographical museums, either devoted to single men, like the Galileo, 

 Dante, and Buonarrotti museums in Florence, or the Goethe Museum in Weimar, 

 and the Beethoven Museum in Bonn; to the great men of a nation, as the National 

 Portrait Gallery of Great Britain, the German Valhalla at Ratisbon, etc.; or to great 

 men of a special profession, such as the Gallery of Artists in the Pitti Museum of 

 Florence. 



In this connection would come also collections of autographs and manuscripts 

 (like the Dyce-Forster Collection at South Kensington), and collections of personal 

 relics. 



Midway between the museum of history and that of biography stands the dynas- 

 tic or family museum, such as the Museum of the Hohenzollerns in Berlin, and 

 that section of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna which illustrates the his- 

 tory of the Hapsburgs. The Mus^e Historique de Versailles is similar in its aims. 



C. — ANTHROPOLOGICAL MUSEUMS. 



1. The museum of anthropology includes such objects as illustrate 

 the natural histor}' of man, his classification in races and tribes, his geo- 

 graphical distribution, past and present, and the origin, historj^ and 

 methods of his arts, industries, customs, and opinions, particularly among 

 primitive and semicivilized peoples. 



2. Museums of anthropology and history meet on common ground in 

 the field of archaeology. In practice, historic archaeology is usually 



