258 Memorial of Gcoi'ge Bi'-oivJi Goodc. 



Museum in Washington, has traced accurately the growth of medical 

 collections both at home and abroad, and from his address upon med- 

 ical museums, as president of the Congress of American Physicians and 

 Surgeons, delivered in 1888, the facts here stated relating to this class 

 of museums have been gathered. The Army Medical Museum appar- 

 ently owes its establishment to Doctor William A. Hammond, in 1862. 

 The museum contained in 1888 more than 15,000 specimens, besides 

 those contained in the microscopical department. "An ideal medical 

 museum," says Doctor Billings, "should be very complete in the depart- 

 ment of preventive medicine or hygiene. It is a wide field, covering, as 

 it does, air, water, food, clothing, habitations, geology, meteorology, occu- 

 pations, etc. , in their relations to the production or prevention of disease, 

 and thus far has had little place in medical museums, being taken up as 

 a specialty in the half dozen museiniis of hygiene which now exist." 



William Hunter formed the great Glasgow collection between the years 

 1770 and iSoo, and John Hunter, in 1787, opened the famous Hunterian 

 Museum in London, bought by the English Government soon after ( 1799), 

 and now known as the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. 



Paris is proud of the two collections at the School of Medicine, the 

 Musee Orfila and the Musee Dupuytren, devoted, the one to normal, the 

 other to pathological anatoni}- . 



Ethnographic museums are especially numerous and fine in the north- 

 ern part of continental Europe. They were proposed more than half a 

 century ago by the French geographer Jomard, and the idea was first 

 carried into effect about 1840 in the establishment of the Danish Ethno- 

 graphical Museum, which long remained the best in Europe. Within 

 the past twenty years there has been an extraordinary activity in this 

 direction. 



In German}', besides the museums in Berlin, Dresden, and Eeipsic, 

 considerable collections have been founded in Hamburg and Munich. 

 Austria has in Vienna two for ethnography, the Court Museum (Hof- 

 Museum ) and the Oriental ( Orientalisches ) Museum. Holland has reor- 

 ganized the National Ethnographical Museum (Rijks Ethnographisch 

 Museum) in Eeyden, and there are smaller collections in Amsterdam,, 

 Rotterdam, and The Hague. France has founded the Trocadero (Musee 

 de Trocadero). In Italy there is the important Prehistoric and Ethno- 

 graphic Museum { Museo prehistorico ed ethnografico) in Rome, as well 

 as the collection of the Propaganda, and there are museums in Florence 

 and Venice. 



Ethnographical museums have also been founded in Christiania and 

 Stockholm, the latter of which will include the rich material collection 

 by Doctor Stolpe on the voyage of the frigate Vanadis around the world. 

 In England there is less attention to the subject — the Christy collection 

 in the British Museum being the only one specially devoted to ethnog- 

 raphy, unless we include also the local Blackmore Museum in Salisbury. 



