318 



ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1953 



ing) . All seedling invasion mentioned above is restricted exclusively 

 to such grasslands, even though the production of such grasslands on 

 rights-of-way is being advocated by the country's leading chemical 

 manufacturers and spraying contractors. No tree seedling invasion 

 in significant quantities has yet been observed in any shrubland, even 

 though some of these shrubland types are known to be 25 years of age. 



The following shrubs and vines have been found to occur in suffi- 

 cient abundance on rights-of-way and roadsides to form either a pure 

 type or to give character to the vegetation. The starred names are 

 those of importance to wildlife as food, three stars indicating those 

 of the greatest importance. The daggered names are those of high 

 landscape value. All these species are being destroyed in the present 

 programs to eliminate woody growth. 



*Juniperus communis (low juniper )t 

 ***Serenoa repens (palmetto) 

 ***Smi7aa; rotundifolia (greenbrier) 

 ***S7nilax glauca (greenbrier) 

 *8alix cor data (willow) 

 *SaUx discolor (pussywillow) 

 *Salix humilis (prairie willow) 

 *8alix hebbiana (Bebb's willow) 

 *Salix sericea (silky willow) 

 *Comptonia peregrina (sweetfern) 

 *Myrica ccrifcra (waxniyrtle) 

 *Corylus americana (American hazel) 

 *Corylics cornuta (beaked hazel) 

 *Alnus nigosa (northern alder) 

 *Alnus serrulata (southern alder) 

 *Castanea piimila (chinquapin) 

 ***Qu€rcus ilicifolia (scrub oak) 



"^Querous prinoidcs (chinquapin oak) 

 *Bcrbcris canadensis (American bar- 

 berry) t 

 *Berberis vulgaris (common bar- 

 berry)! 

 Asimina triloba (pawpaw) 

 *Lind era benzoin (spicebush) 

 Hydrangea arborescens (wild hy- 

 drangea) f 

 **namamelis virginiana (witch hazel) 

 Spiraea latifolia (meadowsweet) 

 Spiraea tomentosa (steeplebush) 

 Aronia arbiitifoUa (red chokeberry)t 

 Aronia melanocarpa (black choke- 

 berry)! 

 *Amelanchier spp. (low shadbushes)t 

 ***Rubus allegheniensis (blackberry) 

 ***Rubus occidentalis (black raspberry) 



***Rubus idaeus (raspberry) 

 **Rubus odoratus (flowering rasp- 

 berry ) t 

 **i2osa spp. (wild roses )t 

 **Prunus allegheniensis (Alleghany 

 plum)t 

 *Prunvs americana (wild plum)t 

 '^**Pruniis virginiana (chokecherry)t 

 *Crataegus spp. (hawthorns) t 

 Cercis canadensis ( redbud ) t 

 **R?tus copanina (winged sumac)! 

 **Rhus typhina (staghorn sumac)! 

 ** Rhus glabra (smooth sumac)! 

 **Ilex opaca (American holly)! 

 **Ilex verticillata (winterberry)! 

 *Ilex glabra (gallberry) 

 ^Euonymiis americana (strawberry- 

 bush)! 

 *Celasfrus scandens (bittersweet)! 

 Staphylca tri folia (bladdernut) 

 Ceanothus amcricanus (New Jersey 

 tea) 

 ***F(^i.5 spp. (grapes) 

 **Parthenoeissns qninqnefolia (Vir- 

 ginia creeper) 

 Hypericum spp. (shrubby hypori- 

 cums) 

 '**Cornus florida (flowering dogwood) T 

 **Cornus stolon if era (red osier)! 

 **Corntis rngosa (round-leaved dog- 

 wood) 

 **Cornus amonium (silky dogwood) 

 **Cornus racemosa (panicled dog- 

 wood)! 



