01' Willow-Warblers. 97 



Ibis, 1874, p. 69), and occasionally in Corfu and Epirus 

 [Powys, Ibis, 1860, p. 231) . Dr. Kriiper informs me that 

 it winters in Greece and Asia Minor. Hobson told me it 

 only occurs in winter near Constantinople ; but Danford and 

 Harvie Brown found it common in summer in Transylvania 

 (Ibis, 1875, p. 308) . It winters in the Canaries and Tene- 

 riffe {Godman, Ibis, 1872, p. 174), in the oases of North 

 Africa {Tristram, Ibis, 1859, p. 418), in Egypt and Nubia 

 {Capt. Shelley, Ibis, 1871, p. 135), in the valley of the Jordan 

 {Tristram, Ibis, 1867, p. 83); and Blanford found it in Abys- 

 sinia (P. abyssinicus, loc. cit.) and Persia (Eastern Persia, ii. 

 pp. 181, 182). 



This species builds a semi-domed nest, profusely lined with 

 feathers, on or near the ground, and lays a white e^^, spa- 

 ringly spotted with dark red. 



The ChiffchaflPvaries considerably in size; the smaller birds 

 are chiefly found in South Europe, and the largest in Scan- 

 dinavia. The smaller birds have been considered a separate 

 species {P. brehmi) ; but I have had no difficulty in finding 

 a complete series of both sexes. I met with the supposed 

 smaller species at Valkenswaard, in Holland, and could not 

 detect the least difference in its various notes and calls from 

 those of the larger race. I have carefully examined the types 

 of P. brehmi in the collection of Von Homeyer, of P. brevi- 

 rostris in the Strickland collection in Cambridge, and of P. 

 abysshiicus in the British Museum, and have not the slightest 

 hesitation in pronouncing all three to be absolutely identical 

 with P. collybita. 



24. Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth. 



Sylvia trochilus, Jerd. Madr. Journ. xi. p. 6 (1840, nee 

 Linn.). 



Phylloscopus tristis, Blyth, J. A. S. Beng. xii. p. 966 

 (1843). 



Regulus tristis, G. R. Gray, Gen. of B. i. p. 175 (1848). 



Abrornis tristis, Bonap. Consp. Gen. Av. i. p. 290 (1850). 



Phyllopneuste tristis, Gould, Birds of Asia, pt. xvii. (1865) . 



Phyllopseustes tristis. Cab. Journ. f. Orn. 1875, p. 429. 



SER. IV. VOL. I. H 



