the District of Lampong, S.E. Sumatra. 295 



Hornbill, and not to the Malayan. In tlie ' General History ' 

 (ii. p. 323, 1822) Latham mixed up his original species with 

 Le Vaillant's Calao javan {I.e.) and Shawns species founded 

 on Le Vaillant's plate (Ois. d'Afrique) ; but the plate (xxxiv.) 

 given by Latham plainly refers to the Papuan species. 



In D'Entrecasteaux's 'Voyage' (ix. p. 304, t. xi.), a Horn- 

 bill obtained in the Papuan island of Waigiou is figured, on 

 which the title of Buceros ruficollis, Vieillot (N. Diet. iv. 

 p. 600, 1816), was founded (Temm. PL Col. 557). But J. 

 R. Forster had already. (Zool. Indica, p. 40, 1781) bestowed 

 the title of B. jMcatus on Dampier's Ceram Hornbill. 

 Vieillot's title, usually adopted for the Papuan species, there- 

 fore ought to fall ; and that of plicatus, Forster, having pri- 

 ority, should supersede Gmelin's title of obscurus, and. La- 

 thatn^'s title plicatus, and stand for the Papuan Hornbill. 

 Gmelin's title obscurus and its synonjui plicatus, Lath., being 

 thus restored to their original owner (i. e. B. plicatus, For- 

 ster), the oldest available title for the Malayan bird becomes 

 undulatus, Shaw. 



A form very closely allied to the Malayan B. undulatus 

 occurs in Tonghoo, which Mr. Blyth separated (J. A. S. B. 

 1843, p. 177) under the title of subruficollis , the synonymy 

 of the Papuan bird and of the Malayan being at that time 

 exceedingly involved, and the species themselves not well 

 known. Mr. Blyth subsequently twice identified his B. sub- 

 ruficollis with Malayan B. plicatus [op. cit. xii. p. 991, xvi. 

 p. 998), but eventually returned to his original view, and 

 retained B. subruficollis as distinct (Cat. Calc. Mus. p. 320, 

 no. 191). 



R. subruficollis is only to be distinguished from R. undu- 

 latus by wanting, in the two sexes, the lateral ridges on the 

 base of both mandibles, and by the bill not being so deep 

 and massive. It does not possess a black transverse bar on 

 the naked gular skin of either sex"^, but that part in the male 

 is yellow, and in the female blue, as in R. undulatus. It is 

 remarkable that two such closely allied forms should coexist 



* Mr. Wardlaw Ramsay, who paid special attention to this Hornbill 

 when in Burma, is quite positive on this point. 



-> x2 



