the District of Lampong, S.E. Sumatra. 319 



129. Sturnopastoh contra. 



Sturnus contra, Linn. S. N. i. p. 290 (1766). 

 Pastor jalla, Horsf. /. a. p. 155, "Java'' (1820). 

 Javan and these Sumatran examples are not separable from 

 the Indian and Burman forms. 



130. Gracula javanensis. 



Corvus javanensis, Osbeck, Voy. China & E. Ind. i. p. 157^ 

 "Java'' (Eng. Tr. 1771). 



Gracula religiosa, Linn. ; Raffles, t. c. p. 303, " Sumatra." 

 The Sumatran examples from Lampong district are iden- 

 tical with others from East Java. 



131. Corvus validus. 



Corvus validus, Temin.,Bp. Consp. i. p. 385 (1854). 



Malaccan and Sumatran birds do not differ. 



Wemust accept Prof. Schlegel's assurance (Bij dr. t. d. Dierk. 

 pp. 8 and 13, and Mus. Pays-Bas, Coraces, p. 29) that Prince 

 Bonaparte did not describe the Gilolo (Halmahera) bird under 

 the title of C. validus, but the Bornean and Sumatran and 

 Timor (?) species. Still the Prince's words (/. c), " rostro 

 capite multo longiore, valido, curvato," read as if he were de- 

 scribing the Gilolo species, subsequently entitled C. validis- 

 simus by Schlegel. Little is known of the C. validus, as the 

 learned Professor tells us (/. c.) ; and consequently its range 

 has not been well defined. The Sumatran bird is identical with 

 one of the Malaccan Crows ; and Professor Schlegel identi- 

 fied Bornean examples with the Sumatran. He further gives 

 the island of Timor as its habitat, and asserts that C. timori- 

 ensis, Bp., is but a synonym. But, by the context, the Prince 

 appears to have bestowed this title on C. macrorhynchus, 

 Temm. apud Wagler, which is the only species of Corvus 

 enumerated by Mr. Wallace in his list of Timor birds. Pro- 

 fessor Schlegel, it is true^ includes Timor within the range of 

 C. validus^ only on the strength of a single example ( ? ) 

 brought from there by S. Miiller, which may well have 

 been but an imperfectly grown example of C. macrorhynchus. 

 The C. validus, var., of Wallace, ex Sula Islands (P. Z. S, 

 1862, p. 343), is certainly only a race of C. enca, a species 



