during the Arctic Expedition 1875-76. 405 



north over the ice^ saw a Snow-Bunting near to the 83°. I 

 found a nest of this species on the 24th June (lat. 82° 33' N.), 

 containing four eggs, within twenty feet of the nest of a 

 Snowy Owl ; it was neatly constructed of grasses, and lined 

 with the Owl's feathers. On another occasion I found a 

 nest lined with the soft wool of the musk-ox. 



4. CoRvus coRAX. Raven. 



A pair of these birds were observed by Dr. Coppinger to 

 be nesting in the cliffs of Cape Lupton during the month of 

 July. While this officer was detained at Polaris Bay by the 

 sickness of some of the sledge-crews, he noticed these birds 

 visit their camp daily in search of offal. The Baven was not 

 observed by any of our expedition along the shores of the 

 Polar Basin; so that I consider Cape Lupton (lat. 81° 44' N.) 

 the northernmost settlement of this species. 29th August, 

 1876, at Dobbin Bay (lat. 79° 36' N.), a female, one of a 

 pair, was shot by Dr. Moss, who enticed it within range by 

 laying down a dead hare and concealing himself near at hand. 

 South of Dobbin Bay I observed this species at several points 

 in Smith Sound — namely, at Cape Hayes, Norman-Lockyer 

 Island, and Cape Sabine. 



5. Lagopus rupestris. Rock-Ptarmigan. 



This Ptarmigan was obtained by our sledging parties as 

 far north as 82° 46', two or three couples having been killed 

 in the end of May on Feilden Peninsula. Lieutenant Aldrich 

 found traces of Ptarmigan on Cape Columbia (lat. 83° 6' N.), 

 the most northern land yet visited by man. On the 29th 

 September, 1875, Captain Markham, in lat. 82° 40' N., ob- 

 served four of these birds ; and the earliest date on which 

 they were noticed in the spring of 1876 was on the 11th 

 March. 



6. Strepsilas interpres. Turnstone. 



This bird is tolerably abundant in Smith Sound and the 

 region north of it visited by the Expedition. It was 

 observed as late as the 5th September, 1875, in lat. 82° 30' 

 N., and was first noticed on the 5th June, 1876, in the neigh- 

 bourhood of the winter-quarters of H.M.S. 'Alert.' By the 

 12th August the young broods Avere able to fly. 



