516 ANNUAL, REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1924 



burial mound, told us about the sorcerer of the Bronze Age, whose 

 grave had been found there, who had with him in his grave his 

 leather box with the magic charms, a claw of the goshawk, and 

 several bits of animal remains and pebbles, doubtless taken from the 

 stomach of the same bird, which was probably regarded as sacred 

 by the people of the Bronze Age. He further told about the finds 

 in a Bronze Age grave (Aalestrup Heath) where there had been dis- 

 covered, together with the remains of a young, scarcely full-grown 

 man, remains of birds, from which it was evident that six pairs of 

 wings of the jackdaw and two pairs of wings of the crow or rook 

 had been laid on the funeral pile, together with the dead man, 

 evidently with the idea that these black wings should carry the soul 

 to the unknown land. Winge had a profoundlj^ poetical mind, and 

 few are those, I think, who, more than he, have imderstood and 

 enjoyed the beauty of nature, be it purely the beauty of the land- 

 scape in the extensive meadows at Ringk0bing Fjord, or in the 

 beech wood just out, or in the chorus of birds in springtime. 



His first scientific paper Winge published as an undergradute when 

 he was but 20 years of age. It is a very careful comparative osteo- 

 logical anatomical description of the crania of the mole and shrew, 

 which does not, however, show in any marked degree the character- 

 istics of the future investigator. On the other hand, already in his 

 next paper "Om graeske Pattedyr" (On Greek Mammals) ("Vid. 

 Medd." 1881) we have Winge complete, with all his excellent qual- 

 ities, his exactness in every detail, his careful observation of the 

 habits of the living animals, his remarkable knowledge, 

 the very carefully considered presentation, the interesting notes, 

 and not least, his emphatic Lamarckism. * * * Especially in- 

 teresting is his demonstration here of the fine correspondence between 

 habits and morphological features in the structure of the teeth, the 

 cranium, and the whole body of the field voles, characteristics w^hich, 

 according to Winge, have arisen entirely as a result of their habits. 

 We have here the train of reasoning that runs like a red thread 

 through Winge's whole life work : his pronounced Lamarckism. To 

 him there was no doubt but that all the morphological and anatomi- 

 cal characteristics of the animals had arisen as direct effects of their 

 habits. We get the impression (I never discussed it with him di- 

 rectly) that he was even of the opinion that the very animals con- 

 sciously operated to develop themselves, each in its special direction. 

 A few quotations will show this : " In order to be able to watch and 

 to get long limbs which might in time carry them away from 

 their enemies, the ungulates have from the very outset practiced 

 rising on tiptoe." " What has hapi^ened on the way from reptiles to 

 true mammals is this, that a series of alterations have arisen in conse- 



