256 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1899. 



(Virginia) deposits the ore (psilomelane) is found in nodular masses 

 in a clay resulting from the decomposition of a shale which has been 

 preserved from erosion through sharp synclinal folds. 



Bog manganese is described as occurring in an extensive deposit near 

 Dawson settlement, Albert County, New Brunswick, on a branch of 

 Weldon Creek, covering an area of about 25 acres. In the center it 

 was found to be 26 feet deep, thinning out toward the margin of the 

 bed. The ore is a loose, amorphous mass, which could be readily 

 shoveled without the aid of a pick, and contained more or less iron 

 pyrites disseminated in streaks and layers, though largo portions of 

 the deposit have merely a trace. The bed lies in a valley at the north- 

 ern base of a hill, and its accumulation at this particular locality 

 appears to be due to springs. These springs are still trickling down 

 the hillside, and doubtless the process of producing bog manganese is 

 still going on.^ A bed of manganese ore in the government of Kutais, 

 in the Caucasus, is described as occurring in nearly horizontally lying 

 Miocene sandstones. The ore is pyrolusite and the bed stated as being 

 6 to 7 feet in thickness. 



Composition of manganese oxides. 



I. Bate.sville region, Arkansas. 

 II. Elgersburg, Germany. 



III. Cheverie, Nova Scotia. 



IV. Cape Breton. 



V. Batesville region, Arkansas. 

 VI. Sciineeberg, Saxony. 

 VII. Crimora, Virginia. 

 VIII. Big Harbor, Cape Breton. 



Uses. — According to Professor Penrose,^ the various uses to which 

 manganese and its compound are put, may be divided into three 

 classes: Allo3^s, oxidizers, and coloring materials. Each of these 

 classes includes the application of manganese in sundry manufactured 

 products, or as a reagent in carrying on ditierent metallurgical and 

 chemical processes. The most important of these sources of con- 

 sumption may be summarized as follows: 



1 Aniiual Report of the Geological Survey of Canada, VII, 1894, p. 146 M. 



2 Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Arkansas, I, 1890. 



