506 



REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1899. 



This pueblo series is of such importance that the typical forms will 

 be more minutely described, and a table given of all the specimens so 

 as to bring- out the characteristics which they have in common and 

 those which serve to differentiate them. 



Specimen No. 176704 in the U. S. National Museum is a rude heddle 

 frame from Zuni, New Mexico, collected by Frank Hamilton Gushing 

 (fio-. 17). The crossbars of twig are (3f inches long, and there are 

 sixteen healds, 4i inches long, laid parallel, with their ends on the 

 same side of the crossbars; these are made of little sticks rudely 

 whittled out, notched at their ends and fastened to the crossbars by 



• means of a rawhide lashing. The 

 holes, or dents, or stirrups in the 

 healds are rudely gouged out and 

 punched through. The whole appa- 

 ratus is so clumsily put together 

 that it gives the impression of a 

 child's heddle for practicing. It is 

 inconceivable that good work could 

 be done with such a utensil, and yet 

 the Zuiii have no better. Only 

 thirty -one warp threads could be 

 used in this heddle. One can not 

 always be sure that the objects ob- 

 tained from modern Indian tribes 

 have seen actual service. As soon 

 as things are known to be desirable, 

 they are forthcoming. In the best 

 made Zuni heddles the crossbars are 

 on alternate sides. 



Specimen No. 41666 in the U. S. 

 National Museum is a heddle frame 

 from Zuni, New Mexico, collected 

 by Maj. J. W. Powell. The cross- 

 bars, of wood, are 28 inches long. 

 There are ninety-four healds of small reed, 5f inches long, and these 

 are attached to the crossbars by the usual lashing of rawhide thong, 

 supplemented by wrappings of yellow yarn. The excursion of the 

 loose warp filaments is 4i inches up and down. The holes or stirrups 

 through the healds have been bored with hot wire; indeed, in all of the 

 old specimens this seems to have been the method of piercing the 

 healds or of finishing off the stirrups (fig. 18). 



It is noteworthy that in the examples presented from the different 

 States of the Union, from Finland, Germany, and Italy, the heddle 

 frame, with its healds, is carved or sawed out of a single piece of wood, 

 or the healds are set in a groove which corresponds with the crossbar 



Fig. 17. 



RUDE ZUNI HEDDLE FRAME FOR NARROW 

 GARTER. 



Cat. No. 176704. U.S.N.M. Collected l)y F. H. Cushing. 



