526 



EEPOET OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1899, 



the Orinoco have no such motives.^ The reader will have to search in 

 another part of the world for similar models, as will be shown 

 further on. 



TYPES OF AMERICAN WATER CRAFT, BY AREAS AND FAMILIES. 



ZOOTECHNIC AREAS. 



1. Arctic. 



2. Canadian. 



3. Atlantic slope. 



4. Plains of the West. 



5. Louisiana or Gulf. 



6. Southeastern Alaska. 



7. Columbian region. 



8. Interior basin. 



9. California region. 



10. Pue1)lo region. 



11. Middle America. 



12. Antillean region. 



13. Cordilleran region. 



14. Upper Amazonian. 



15. Eastern Brazilian re- 



gion. 



16. Mato Grosso and 



southward. 



17. Argentina - Patagonian 



region. 



18. Fuegian region. 



Eskimauan. 



Athapascan. 



Algonquian-Iroquoian. 



Siouan. 



Muskhogean. 



Haida-Skiddagetan. 



Salish-Chinookan. 



Shoshonean. 

 Very mixed stocks. 

 Tanoan-Tewan and Sono- 



ran. 

 Aztec-Mayan. 

 Carib-Arawakan 



Chibcha-Kechuan. 

 Jivaro, Peba, Puno, etc. 

 Tupi-Guaranian,Tapuyan. 



Mixed peojjle of Brazilian 

 and Andean types. 



Chaco, Pampean, and 

 Patagonian stocks. 



Aliculuf, Ona, and Yah- 



WATER CRAFT. 



Kaiak and umiak of skin. 

 Bark canoes. 

 Dugouts and rafts. 

 Coracle of buffalo hide. 

 Cane floats and pirogues. 

 Dugout, exclusively. 

 Dugout and pointed bark 



canoes. 

 None. 



Dugouts and reed rafts. 

 None. 



Reed floats and dugt^uts. 



Dugout and woodskins — (1) 

 woods kins, (2) buck- 

 shell, (3) corial, (4) canoe. 



Balsas, reed floats with sails. 



Dugouts. 



Jangadas or catamarans. 



Woodskins and dugouts. 



Dugouts or none. 



Bark canoe in streaks or 

 longitudinal sections. 



It would occur to any student of technograph}' that in this particular 

 spot the birch trees fail and nature furnishes an excellent substitute in 

 the pine bark. On this point Mr. Gilford Pinchot, of the Forestry 

 Division of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, calls my attention to 

 the following quotations from Sargent's Silva of North America: 



The canoe birch is one of the most widely distributed trees of North America. 

 From Labrador it ranges to the southern shores of Hudson Bay and to the Great 

 Bear Lake, and thence to the valley of the Yukon River and the coast of Alaska, form- 

 mg with the aspen, the larch, the balsam poplar, the banksian pine, the black and 

 white spruces, and the balsam fir, the great subarctic transcontinental forest; and 

 southward it ranges through all the forest region of the Dominion of Canada and the^ 

 Northern States to Long Island, New York, and northern Pennsylvania, central 

 Michigan, and Minnesota, the bluffs of the Niobrara River in northern Nel)raska, 

 the Black Hills of Dakota, northern Montana, and northwestern Washington. An 

 inhabitant of the rich wooded slopes and the borders of streams, lakes, and swamps, 

 the canoe birch, although it never forms a large part of the forest, is very common 



' Yon den Steinen, Unter den Naturvolkern Zentral Brasiliens, Berlin, 1894, p. 120, 

 pi. X. 



