POINTED BARK CANOES. 531 



under the supervision of Father Caruana. It is 3 feet long- from point 

 to point; open space, 2 feet; width, 6 inches; depth, 4 inches. This 

 represents a larger one, 24 feet in length. Fig. 3 represents the de- 

 tail of construction in the framework. In putting in the ribs in(nsions 

 are made into and halfway through the hark of the hull at its uppin- 

 border. The ribs arc inserted into these openings and pushed upward 

 and out at the edge, which has been split for this purpose. The ends 

 of the ribs do not reach quite up to the gunwale. The ribs are fewer 

 in number, but larger, and pass' at their ends between the bark and 

 the inside one of the three sti'ips or staves which together form the 

 gunwale. These also pass outside the longitudinal slats toward the 

 hold of the boat, while the ribs pass between the longitudinal slats and 

 the bark sheathing. Slender roots and thin bark ribbons, apparently 

 of spruce, are used in stitching and wrapping the various sections of 

 the canoe together. The seams and joints are well covered with 

 pitch. As in the full-sized craft, the inside surface of the bark be- 

 comes the outside of the hull, which is formed of three pieces, as 

 indicated in the drawing. The part marked shows the method of 

 bending on of one of the thwarts. In some cases the ends are pierced 

 and seized or sewed to the gunwale. With this model were two 

 pointed sticks representing the poles used in managing the canoe over 

 swift currents, a paddle, and a mat on which the man kneels. 



CANOES OF THE KUTENAI AND OF THE AMUR COMPARED. 



Through the researches of Mr. Meriden S. Hill, given in the fore- 

 going lines, and the courtesy of Dr. Demetri N. Anutchine, president 

 of the Society of Friends of Natural Science, Ethnology, and Anthro- 

 pology in Moscow, and of Dr. N. Doubrovinee, perpetual secretary of 

 the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg, it is made possible 

 to bring into a comparative study two inventions that are like to each 

 other and unlike to any other craft in either hemisphere. It is not 

 necessary to do more than to refer to Mr. Hill's remarks, since he has 

 ransacked the upper drainage of the Columbia in northern Idaho, 

 northeast Washington, and southeast British Columbia. Additional 

 information comes from Mr. A. J. Kent, Bonners Ferry, Idaho, to 

 the effect that the Kutenai tribes are not ingenious; that they follow 

 closely their model; that the squaws make the canoes in the spring, 

 after the sap starts, sewing the parts with rawhide as well as with 

 bark splints, and that it takes from three to five days to finish a canoe. 

 Maj. C. A. Bendire, U. S. A., had traveled often in one of these, and 

 found no trouble in placing therein, besides himself and the boatman, 

 his saddle and outfit. 



The Gibbs specimen. No. 641 in the U. S. National Museum, is 

 made of pine-bark {Pinu.s montlcola)^ in three pieces, drawn over a 

 wooden frame, the inside of the bark forming the outside of the canoe. 



