POINTED BARK CANOES. 533 



North America, it will ))o seen that the tri])es in ^VaHhin^ton usinj,^ 

 the pointed canoe are: 



1. Shush wap, of the Salishan family. 



2. Colville or Tgoyelpi, Salishan family. 



3. Kalispol, Salishan family. 



4. Spokane, Salishan family. 



5. Lakes or Snaichisti, Salishan family. 

 0. Kutenai, Kituanahan family. 



In the lig-ht of these Kutenai specimens it may be interesting to 

 examine similar craft of Asia. There being- no trees yielding bark tit 

 for canoe making along the Arctic coast, it is necessary to trace the 

 fiftieth parallel of latitude, that of the Kutenai canoe, across the Pacific, 

 and this brings one to the Amur basin. Upon this stream dwell Giliaks, 

 Goldi, Manyargs, etc., unclassed ethnic groups— that is, ethnologists 

 have not been able to relegate them to any of the well-known Asiatic 

 families. 



An excellent account of these tribp , is given by Leopold von Schrenk 

 in a work entitled Keisen und Fors- hungen in Amurlande. He shows 

 a Giliak man seated in a pointed oark canoe. ^ Layard also figures a 

 Phoenician war galley pointed beneath the water. ^ 



Von Schrenk describes three types of boat on the Amur River and 

 about its mouth, the built-up boat, or bateau, the dugout, and the birch- 

 bark canoe. ^ The first named is a sort of flat boat or scow made of 

 three planks hewed out of the larch or Plcea ajanensis^ worked out with 

 adze and knife and fitted together with pegs. Bow and stern boards 

 are set in and the bottom board projects at the bow into a sort of plat- 

 form, slightly turned up. In many examples considerable style and 

 ornamentation are added, so that Schrenk believes this built-up form 

 to have been introduced under Manchu-Chinese influence from Soon- 

 garia. For centuries Chinese merchants, and among them Manchu 

 oflflcials, have come from Soongaria into the Lower Amur country, the 

 former to trade with the people, the latter in order to collect from them 

 the tribute owed to the Chinese Government. The boats in which these 

 journeys are made are indeed much larger and more complicated than 

 the Goldi Giliak examples, but they are on the whole of like construc- 

 tion. It is to be remarked in this connection that the plank boat in 

 use by the Giliaks at the Amur mouth; on Saghalin, by the Oltcha, 

 their neighbors up the river; by the Golde, occupying the stream as far 

 as the Usuri mouth; and by the Oltscha on the seacoast south of the 

 Giliak, is entirely absent from upper Amur areas. Schrenk saw none, 



^Leopold von Schrenk, Reisen und Forachungen in Amurlande. St. Petersburg, 

 1881, III, p. 510. 

 ^Perrot et Chipiez, Phoenecia, London, 1885, I, p. 34. 

 ^Reisen und Forschungen in Amurlande, III. St. Peterslmrg, 1881, pp. 500-515. 



