536 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1899. 



reproduce them here. The rudest paddle, aTungus example, has a sim- 

 ple handle with oblong elliptical blade, without decoration (tig. 4). 

 The Yakut paddle is double, with cylindrical grip and oblong pentag- 

 onal blades, square on the outer ends (fig. 5). The Goldi paddle has a 

 similar grip and hexagonal blades with long tapering points, a grace- 

 fully shaped implement (fig. 6). 



The double paddle is seen in the Giliak's hand in Schrenk's figure. 

 The Goldi and Yakut employ also the double paddle in their pointed 

 canoes, but in the Tungus pointed canoe the simple paddle is used. 

 The single paddle is found elsewhere around the great circle of the 

 earth that includes the two areas of the pointed canoe. The double 

 paddle exists sparingly in the Eskimo area of Alaska and among the 

 same people in Greenland. On all the waters of the southern United 

 States the negroes propel their dugouts and skifi^'s with the double 

 paddle. 



The Tungus model (Plate 3), though clumsy looking, is built up in 

 five sections. Five strips of bark are bent in the middle and united 

 at their edges to form the hull. The four seams extend quite around 



^E 



Figs. 4, 5, and 6. 



TUNGUS paddle; YAKUT PADDLE; GOLDI PADDLE. 



the craft and are rendered tight with pitch. The canoe is kept in form 

 by a series of flat ribs, almost touching one another, and extending 

 along the inside from end to end of the structure, as in a canoe. On 

 the outside of the canoe, along the bottom, a wide strip of bark is 

 sewed neatly, the stitches long on the inside of the boat and short on 

 the outside, passing quite through two thicknesses of bark, including 

 the flat ribs on the inside, holding all together. At the ends the canoe 

 front is straight, the lines sloping inward only a little, so that it is but 

 slightly pointed below. The bark is simply doubled over at the ends 

 and sewed down. On the upper margin strips of wood are sewed on 

 both sides of the bark to form inwale and outwale. There is no top 

 piece except along a short space between the thwarts. Here the side 

 strips for wales leave the margin and pass downward a little to make 



