STATE NAMES — HARRINGTON 379 



Joaquin Miller, the poet, erroneously guessed Idaho to mean "sun- 

 up" in Shoshoni. Another erroneous interpretation of the name that 

 has gained wide circulation is "gem of the mountains." 



Illinois. — The Illinois River runs southwest across most of the State 

 of Illinois and empties into the Mississippi River not far north of 

 where the Missouri River joins the Mississippi. The Illinois tribe of 

 Indians, speaking a language of the Algonquian stock very closely 

 related to the Peoria language, inhabited the lower course of the Illi- 

 nois River. The Illinois name of the Illinois tribe, also in use in 

 Peoria, is 'ilini (plural 'iliniwak). The earliest published occurrence 

 of this name is on the Marquette map, 1673, which labels Lake Michi- 

 gan "Lac des Ilinois." La Salle traveled up the Illinois River in 1679 

 and named it from the tribe of Indians that he found inhabiting its 

 banks. In the Illinois and Peoria languages 'ilini means (1) "man," 

 "a warrior"; (2) a person of the Illinois tribe of Indians, no matter of 

 what age or sex. French Ilinois (Marquette uses only one 1), used 

 both as the singular and the f)lural in French, is based on the Illinois 

 plural 'iliniwak, eliminating the third syllable of the Illinois plural 

 and substituting for -wak, of the Illinois plural, the Franch -ois, pro- 

 nounced in standard Modern French as -wa (with silent s). Illinois 

 Territory was created 1809, Illinois State 1818. 



Indiana. — Indiana is the feminine of a Latin adjective Indiaanus, 

 the feminine being used as a country-name noun, the appropriateness 

 of the name being that certain Indian tribes were early settlers in 

 Indiana. There exists such an adjective as indiaanus in Latin, but 

 the common Latin adjective is indicus, Indian. Indiana Territory 

 was created in 1800, Indiana State in 1816. 



Iowa. — Iowa is in origin a tribe name, the Iowa tribe having spoken 

 a Siouan language closely related to the Oto and Missouri languages. 

 The name of the Iowa tribe was applied to the Iowa River, which is 

 the principal stream of southeastern Iowa and runs southeast into the 

 Mississippi. Through the application to the river, the name was 

 adopted for the Territory and State. The Iowa form of the tribal 

 name is 'Ayuxwa, which means "one who puts to sleep." Perhaps 

 the Iowa Indians were so called because they had the power to put 

 a visitor to sleep, or there was perhaps in very early times some con- 

 nection in fact or story, now forgotten. This has frequently been 

 erroneously translated "the sleepy ones." The early French spelled 

 the tribal name usually Ayoua, the English loway. Iowa was made 

 a Territory in 1838, a State in 1846. 



Kansas. — Kansas is the name of a tribe of the Siouan stock, speak- 

 ing a language closely related to that of the Kaw and Omaha. The 

 Kansas, Kaw, and Omaha form is the same, according to Dr. Francis 

 La Flesche, formerly ethnologist of the Bureau of American Ethnol- 

 ogy, and is KaNze, with the accent on the first syllable. The Osage 



