404 



ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1954 



of Shanidar cave. The recovery of a number of small, well-attrited 

 pieces of flint on the surface of the talus slope was explained when 

 it was observed that the cave dwellers — even the workers (when 

 matches were lacking) — strike flint and steel for fires and for the 

 lighting of pipes and cigarettes. 



BENCH MARK 



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GROUND PLAN 

 SHANIDAR CAVE 



Figure 4. — Plan of Shanidar cave showing extent of the 1951 sounding and expanded limits 

 in 1953. Of the enclosures indicated, Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 34, 35, and 36 were 

 houses or had been formerly used as houses by present-day Kurdish inhabitants. The 

 rest of the features, with the exception of 37 and 38, were animal corrals or storage places. 

 Features 37 and 38 were leban (Kurdish, "mast") or milk-product churn tripods. 



Two seasons were spent in the sounding of the deposits, in 1951 and 

 1953 (Solecki, 1952b, 1953a, b). The first expedition, which was 

 laidertaken on behalf of the Directorate General of Antiquities of 



