422 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 1954 



Table 2. — Correlation of the archeology of Shanidar cave with the archeology of Iraq 



{tentative) 



Archeology of Iraq Archeology of Shanidar Cave 



Receut (?) — ..^^ 



Historic ^"^^ 



Dynastic ^\^ Layer A 



Early Dynastic 



Proto-literate 



Neolithic and Early Neolithic 



(?) 

 Palegawra (?) 



Zarzi Layer B 



(Late Upper Paleolithic and (10,000 B. C. ±400 years) 



Mesolithic ?) (?) 



(^) 

 (Upper Paleolithic) Layer C 



(Baradost) 



(27,500 B. C. ±1,500 years) 



(Older than 34,000 years) 



(?) (?) 



Hazer Merd Layer D 



(Middle Paleolithic) 



(?) 

 Barda Balka 

 (Middle and Lower PaleoHthic) 



In conclusion, a recapitulation of some first impressions of the 

 Paleolithic archeology of Shanidar cave might be noted. In Iraq, 

 the typological similarity of the very late Upper Paleolithic (border- 

 ing on Mesolithic) flint assemblage of Layer B of Shanidar to the 

 industries of Zarzi and Palegawra caves is apparent. Also evident is 

 the apparent typological similarity of the Middle Paleolithic Mous- 

 terian flint assemblage of Layer D of Shanidar to the Mousterian 

 industry of the Hazer Merd cave and the Bisitun cave. Layer C, 

 containing the Baradost industry of the Upper Paleolithic, is a 

 unique one. 



Outside Iraq there appears to be good typological evidence of link- 

 age of Shanidar cave with the west — or the eastern Mediterranean 

 area — throughout its Paleolithic history. Thus, the assemblages from 

 the upper part of Zarzi (Shanidar B) , and Hazer Merd (Shanidar D) 

 have been noted to bear affinities with material from the Palestine- 

 Syria area. Further support of these resemblances may be made on 

 an individual basis with special items in the Shanidar cave material, 

 i. e., with "index fossils" (since detailed typological comparison 

 studies of the artifacts have not yet been made). Admittedly scanty 

 yet significant clues are the presence of a Kebaran-type and a Heluan- 

 type point in Shanidar B — artifact types found in the Mesolithic of 

 the eastern Mediterranean. A special type of polyhedric burin in the 

 Baradost industry of Shanidar C has counterparts in the "Aurigna- 

 cian" industry of Ksar 'Akil of Lebanon. Last, we find the presence 



