MEDICINE, WARFARE, AND HISTORY — FULTON 441 



lems encountered by submarine personnel are numerous and the liter- 

 ature pertaining thereto has been analyzed, summarized, and system- 

 atically arranged in a remarkable bibliography by Commander Ebbe 

 C. Hoff, USNR (MC) entitled "A Bibliographical Sourcebook of 

 Compressed Air, Diving and Submarine Medicine," published by the 

 Navy Department in February, 1948. The bibliography contains 

 nearly 3,000 entries, each of which is summarized and reviewed in 

 subject groups. It does not fall within the scope of this paper to 

 discuss the technical phases of submarine medicine but attention should 

 be directed to K. E. Schaefer's comprehensive monograph (826 pp.) 

 on German submarine medicine." Dr. Schaefer, chief of the Sub- 

 marine Physiological Laboratory at Heidelberg during the war, is 

 now continuing his important studies in the physiology branch of the 

 United States Naval Medical Research Laboratories at New London, 

 Conn. His recent reports from the submarine base should also be 

 consulted. 



In closing this historical survey on the importance of military medi- 

 cine to national and civilian defense I can do no better than to quote 

 the words of Capt. J. S. Taylor, USA(MC), written after World 

 Warl:" 



The world is far from even apprehending what it has yet to learn thoroughly, 

 that in the field the distribution of medical supplies, prompt evacuation, skillful 

 first aid, shelter, food, and restoratives available early for every fallen com- 

 batant are of infinitely more importance than highly technical relief to difficult 

 cases. More critical still are the problems relating to later demobilization, 

 to hospitalization and rehabilitation of war victims, and the faithful but well- 

 ordered and economical relief of the wreckage of war. Millions will be spent 

 and more millions wasted until the time comes when it is a recognized part of 

 the program of national defense to organize methods of post bellum relief at 

 the same time that activities are initiated for the prosecution of hostilities. We 

 have progressed from the day of medical attendance for leaders to medical at- 

 tendance for all combatants, and leaders are increasingly alive to the immediate 

 necessary needs of their forces; but we have not yet attained to a comprehen- 

 pive grasp of the requirements or possibilities of military medicine. 



" Schaefer, K. B., Symposium on submarine medicine, U. S. Fleet Naval Forces, 

 Technical Section (Medical), Germany, 1950. 



" Taylor, J. S., A retrospect of naval and military medicine, U. S. Naval Med. 

 Bull. 15, No. 3, p. 608, 1921. 



