68 ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 195 2 



During the year archeological surveys were conducted in five new 

 reservoir areas of which three were in Wyoming, one was in Montana, 

 and one in Nebraska-South Dakota. Others where the preliminary 

 reconnaissance had not been completed were revisited and a total of 

 115 new sites was recorded. In the 1951 field season archeological 

 excavations were made in four reservoir areas by seyjm different units. 

 By the end of June 1952 there again were seven archeological excava- 

 tion parties working in four reservoir areas, three of them the same 

 as in the previous year. Digging at the Keyhole Keservoir in Wyo- 

 ming was completed in 1951 and excavations in the Jamestown Reser- 

 voir in North Dakota were started in 1952. The other three are 

 Fort Randall and Oahe in South Dakota, and Garrision in North 

 Dakota. During the year there were paleontological investigations 

 in 12 reservoir areas. An archeological survey party was scheduled 

 to start for the field in late June but because of an emergency was 

 delayed and its departure rescheduled for the first week in July. 



At the Fort Randall Reservoir in South Dakota the 1951 excava- 

 tions were at an Indian site and at a historic trading-post site. The 

 Indian site is of particular interest because it represents three occupa- 

 tional periods. One was a fortified earth-lodge village, one an unfor- 

 tified earth-lodge village, and the third an occupational area under- 

 lying both of the others. In the fortified area 7 earth lodges, a smaller 

 structure, 450 feet of stockade trench, 11 cache pits, and 22 refuse 

 areas were exposed and excavated. In the unfortified earth-lodge 

 area, one circular earth lodge, one cache pit, and four refuse pits were 

 unearthed. In May 1952 excavations were resumed in the unfortified 

 area and before the end of June had exposed 2 earth lodges, a refuse 

 midden, and 19 exterior pits. The date of the fortified village was 

 earlier and the occupational area beneath much older still. Comple- 

 tion of the work at that location will provide an excellent sequence 

 of materials leading up to the development of fortified villages in 

 that district. 



The historic work in the Fort Randall Reservoir in 1951 was at the 

 location of the Fort Lookout trading post. The occupational level 

 of the post was established. Charred beams used in construction, 

 sections of vertical posts still in place, and other architectural fea- 

 tures were uncovered, along with numerous specimens of trade goods. 

 Two Indian occupational levels antedating the establishment of the 

 trading post and the nearby fort were found beneath the ruins of 

 the post. They are of interest because they produced materials not 

 previously known in that part of South Dakota. In May 1952 historic 

 investigations were resumed, but they were at the site of the Whetstone 

 agency which was established for the Brule and Ogallala bands of 

 Sioux from the Fort Laramie region by a treaty drawn in April 



