USE OF MUSIC BY AMERICAN INDIANS — DENSMORE 



443 



showed no improvement, a ceremony of the Midewiwin was instituted. 

 Flat Mouth was carried outdoors and placed in the center of an en- 

 closure formed of low branches of trees. There the doctors of the 

 Midewiwin moved around him, singing their songs and ministering 

 to him. The writer stood outside the enclosure listening to the songs 

 for many hours. As the end approached, Flat Mouth was carried 

 into his wigwam, and in a short time the firing of a gun announced 

 the passing of his spirit. 



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Figure 1. — Chippewa healing song, recorded by Ge' miwunac'. 



Words 



Kimanido' wihe' You are a spirit. 



Kimanido' wiin' I am making you a spirit. 



Enda' nabiyan' In the place where I sit. 



Kimanid6' wiin' I am making you a spirit. 



A few weeks later the writer returned to Leech Lake with a phono- 

 graph to begin her work of recording Indian songs for the Bureau 

 of American Ethnology. There she met Ge' miwunac' (bird that flies 

 through the rain) , the aged member of the Midewiwin who had charge 

 of the ceremony for Flat Mouth. She asked whether he would record 

 some of the songs heard at that time. He replied that he was so over- 



