ARCTIC BUTTERFLIES CLARK 273 



spots are smaller. The hind wings on the under side are a rather dark 

 blue-gray. 



The third butterfly found in this far northern spot was a delicate 

 and pretty little blue {Pleheius orhitulus (pi. 6, figs. 47, 48)) seem- 

 ingly so very frail as almost to make one wonder how it can exist at 

 all, to say nothing of being able to live in such a place as this. 



All five of these butterflies are found in Greenland, where there 

 is still another, a green relative of our clover butterflies (Col las 7iastes 

 (pi. 4, fig. 36) ) somewhat smaller than the orange one. This a most 

 disconcerting butterfly, for it is highly variable, and individuals 

 taken in the same locality at the same time may differ widely in 

 appearance. 



It is one of the three butterflies that live on Novaya Zemlya. The 

 other two are both bog fritillaries {Brent his). One of these two {B. 

 chanclea (pi. 1, figs. 7, 8)) has already been introduced to us as an 

 inhabitant of Grinnell Land and Greenland. The other {B. improha 

 (pi. 2, figs. 15, 16) ) has not been found in either of these regions, 

 though it lives north of North America in Baffin Land, up to about 

 70° north latitude, and in the extreme north of North America and 

 Asia. 



In Baffin Land and the Arctic Archipelago north of North America, 

 and along the northern coast of North America itself, where the 

 climate is scarcely less severe than it is in the regions farther north, 

 there live no less than 22 different kinds of butterflies, the 7 already 

 mentioned and 15 more. 



Three of these are relatives of our common clover butterflies 

 {Colias). One of them {C. boothi) lives in Baffin Land and on South- 

 ampton Island in the northern part of Hudson Bay, and westward 

 to Boothia Felix and Coronation Gulf. Another (C. pelidne (pi. 4, 

 fig. 35) ) is found in southern Baffin Land and Labrador, and west- 

 Avard at least to the Mackenzie River, The third {Colias tneadi) is a 

 very pretty butterfly, bright orange with broad black borders to the 

 wings, that lives in the region of Coronation Gulf and also on the high 

 peaks of Colorado between 9,000 and 12,000 feet above the sea. From 

 Labrador to Alaska, and from northern Siberia to Lapland and to 

 Finmark there lives a relative of these {C. palaeno (pi. 4, fig. 37)) 

 that does not range quite so far into the high Arctic regions. It is 

 interesting to note that in the yellow clover butterflies of the far 

 north the females are almost always white and only very rarely 

 of the normal coloration, just the reverse of what we find in their 

 relatives in more southern latitudes. 



Of the bog fritillaries, so very characteristic of far northern regions, 

 no less than four different kinds, in addition to the three already 

 noticed, live in the extreme north of North America. One of these 



