ARCTIC BUTTERFLIES — CLARK 277 



and climatic conditions in the two island groups are very much the 

 same. But the Aleutians have practically no sunlight, trees will not 

 live there, and no butterflies are found in their grassy lowlands or 

 on their boggy and mossy mountain sides. 



But forbidding as it seems, the Magellanic region possesses not 

 less than 11, and possibly 12 or 13 different kinds of butterflies, most 

 of which are singularly similar to others in the Arctic regions. 

 Finest of all the Magellanic butterflies is a beautiful orange clover 

 butterfly [C olios iviperialis) known from Port Famine. Another 

 orange clover butterfly {C. leshla (pi. 4, figs. 31, 32) ), with the upper 

 surface orange enlivened by a lovely violet iridescence and with much 

 narrower dark margins to the wings, is also known from Tierra del 

 Fuego. This second one ranges far to the northward, as far as 

 southern Brazil, and also lives in the high mountains of Peru at an 

 altitude of 12,000 feet above the sea. 



Two little fritillaries, much resembling the bog fritillaries so 

 characteristic of the Arctic regions, live in Tierra del Fuego. One 

 of these {Brenthis lathonioidcs {=darwi7vl)) is only known from 

 King Charles' South Land and Punta Arenas, but the other {B. 

 cytheris (pi. 3, figs. 23-26)) is much more widely spread, and is 

 found in various forms as far north as northern Chile u]3 to alti- 

 tudes of 6,000 feet; it is also represented by a local form in the 

 Falkland Islands (pi. 3, figs. 21, 22). This last is remarkable for 

 the great difference in the under side of the hind wings in the two 

 sexes (compare figs. 24 and 26, pi. 3). A pretty and delicate little 

 blue recalls the blues of Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. 



The arctic and subarctic ringlets {Erehia (pi. 3, figs. 29, 30)) are 

 represented in the Magellanic region by four different butterflies. 

 One of these {Erehia 'patagonica) is surprisingly like some of the 

 ringlets from the northern hemisphere, but the broad red-brown 

 bands on the upper surface of the wings include no eye spots. This 

 butterfly is not known elsewhere. Another {Cosmosatynis lepton- 

 eurodes), which ranges northward in the mountains of Chile, recalls 

 the Callerebias of Asia. A similar but smaller one ranges north- 

 ward in the mountains to Bolivia (O. chiliensis (pi. 3, figs. 27, 28)) 

 The last is much like these others, and also extends northward into 

 Chile. 



All of these butterflies, superficially at least, are so closely similar 

 to more familiar Arctic forms that at a casual glance no one would 

 think of them as South American. But there are four others in 

 Tierra del Fuego {Tatochila theodice^ T. argyrodice^ T. mAcrodice^ 

 and T . demodice (cf. pi. 5, figs 45, 46) ) belonging to a type confined 

 wholly to South America. In appearance these are not so very 

 different from our northern whites, in their markings resembling 



