278 ANNUAL EEPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 34 



more or less our common checkered white. One of these is known 

 only from a single female from the southern coast of Tierra del 

 Fuego, two range northward to Peru, and one is found as far away 

 as Ecuador and Colombia. 



Only four of the butterflies of Tierra del Fuego are confined to 

 the Magellanic region. All the others range far northward, some 

 living high in the Andes far within the tropics, and one even pass- 

 ing the Equator and entering for some distance the Northern 

 Hemisphere. 



Most of the butterflies of the Magellanic region range northward 

 for a varying distance in the Andes, rising to higher and higher 

 altitudes in the mountains until within the tropics they are found 

 as high Alpine species. But one of them {C olios lesbia) lives as a 

 lowland species as far to the northward as Brazil. Where do the 

 Arctic species live beyond the Arctic regions? 



MORE ABOUT ARCTIC BUTTERFLIES 



One of the two bog fritillaries known from farthest north {Bren- 

 this charlclea) has an extensive range, and is found over a wide 

 extent of Arctic and Alpine territory. It lives from Grinnell Land 

 and northern Greenland southward to Labrador, westward to north- 

 ern Alaska, including Wollaston and Victoria Lands, and south- 

 ward along the lofty peaks of the Rocky Mountains to the Yellow- 

 stone Park. In the Old World it is found from northern Norway 

 and Finmark eastward to Novaj^a Zemlya — that is, if B. invproha is 

 considered as a form of it. In the Old World it is local and not very 

 common, but in America it is more generally distributed and more 

 abundant. It is rather plentiful about the lofty summits of our 

 western mountains. 



Most interesting in connection with this butterfly is the existence 

 of a flourishing colony far south of the southern limit of its range in 

 Labrador in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Here it lives 

 in the subalpine zone of Mount Washington and the nearby peaks, 

 and on the summits of the surrounding mountains. This is the only 

 place where I have seen it. 



Mr. Scudder wrote that it is most common about the steep heads 

 of the great ravines that have eaten their way into the heart of 

 ]\Iount Washington, and in the alpine gardens. But here it is never 

 very abundant. It flies with no great rapidity close to the ground 

 among the scantj^ foliage growing in the rocky crevices of the steep 

 mountain sides. It is fond of sunning itself on the ground with 

 fully, or almost fully, expanded wings, and whether on the ground 

 or on a flower it moves about with similarly expanded wings. But 

 when entirely at rest the wings are closed. 



