ARCHEOLOGICAL PROJECTS STIRLING 399 



A homogeneous culture is indicated throughout the mound, except 

 that European trade objects were found on tlie surface. 



Mound no. 2 was located about three-quarters of a mile south of 

 mound 1 on a long sand spit. About 100 burials were found scat- 

 tered at various depths throughout the mound, many of them in 

 prepared cysts or in pits evidently intended originally for cooking 

 purposes (pi. 10, fig. 1), but few of the burials were accompanied 

 by mortuary objects. All of the bodies were flexed except three in 

 the deepest part of the mound, more than 10 feet down, which were 

 fully extended. 



Mound no. 2 yielded about 1,000 artifacts, which were generally 

 similar as to class and appearance with those from mound no. 1, The 

 only definite stratigraphy noted was with regard to steatite, which 

 was confined to the top layers. Although the chronological relation- 

 ship between the two mounds cannot as yet be fully determined, the 

 general appearances indicate a greater age for mound no. 2. The 

 hilltop burial sites accompanying each of the two mounds exhibit this 

 same cultural affinity. 



The bodies interred on the burial hills were flexed and wrapped in 

 soft woven fiber cloth, and in some instances were also encased in tule 

 mats. The remains of posts beside the skeletons evidently indicate 

 the custom of hanging offerings or belongings of the dead person near 

 the grave. These cemeteries contained the bodies of both adults and 

 children, sometimes several in a grave. Later burials frequently cut 

 through and disturbed the earlier ones. Several skeletons showed in- 

 dications of violent death, as arrow points were found deeply im- 

 bedded in their bones. They had evidently been shot at close range 

 and from several sides at once. This may have some connection with 

 the custom known to exist among certain California tribes of killing 

 unsuccessful medicine men. 



SuTTitnary. — A brief summary of the cultural material follows: 



Total Tulamniu specimens, approximately 4,500. 



Ground stone : Bowls, mortars, pestles, mullers, grinding slabs, 

 hammers, balls, plummets. 



Steatite: Bowls and platters, reels or spools, arrow straighteners, 

 sinkers, grooved slabs, disks, beads, small miscellaneous forms. 



Chipped stone : Arrow points, spear or dart points, knives, drills, 

 scrapers, large blades ; materials, flint, obsidian, schist. 



Bone: Awls, bodkins, tubes, whistles, beads, scrapers, antler tips, 

 straight fishhooks, one decorated bone gorget from cemetery. 



Shell: Beads, pendants, and other ornaments of abalone, olivella, 

 limpet, pismo clam; they range from large disks and tubes to tiny 

 rings sometimes used as inlays in asphalt. 



Textiles: Indications of basketry, bags, and mats of tule and 

 other fibers, probably milkweed or wild hemp. 



