SOUTH AMERICAN INDIAN CULTURES KRIEGER 407 



of northeastern Brazil, of Surinam and the Guianas, of Venezuela, 

 Colombia, eastern Peru, Bolivia, northern Argentina, and of Para- 

 guay. The extensive ethnological collection of Dr. Roth, on which 

 his work is in part based, was acquired by the Bureau of American 

 Ethnology and transferred in 1916 to the National Museum. The 

 most comprehensive ethnological collections in the United States 

 National Museum from Indian tribes of tropical South America are 

 representative of the arts, crafts, and ceremonial practices of the 

 Guiana Carib and Arawak. There are in the National Museum also 

 ethnological specimens from the Arakuna, the Makusi, Patamona, 

 Taruna, Wapisiana, Warrau, and the Akawoise of Dutch and Brit- 

 ish Guiana. 



Brazil is represented by ethnological specimens from the Jama- 

 madi, Roucouyenne, Tucuna, Bororo, Yagua, Guapore, and 

 Hypurina tribes. The ethnology of Paraguay includes objects from 

 the Chuna, Tobo, Guarani, Guaycuru, and Chamacoco. Represented 

 in the ethnological collections from northern Argentina are the 

 Mission Indians, the Chorote, Chiriguano, Mataco, Chulupi (Thulu- 

 pi), Tiki, Lengua, Landi, Jujuy, and Calchaqui; from Peru the 

 Napo, Chama, Canelo, Cambria, Orejon, Anishira, CashiA'o, Chapo, 

 Conibo, Omagua, Ucayali, Lorenzo, Titicaca, Quichua, Puno, and 

 Piro tribes; from Ecuador the Jivaro, Cayapas, Chinganase, Agua- 

 runa, Chubijas, and Zaparo tribes; from Colombia the Cuna, Jorico, 

 Anshire, Popoyan, Bush Negro, and Choco tribes; from Bolivia the 

 Amasari, Chuno, Chiriguano, and Aymara tribes; and from Vene- 

 zuela the Motelone and Goajiro tribes. These tribes are typical of 

 the ethnology of the geographical region they occupy, and the eth- 

 nological collections in the United States National Museum from 

 each of them are included under one or more accessions. Several 

 accessions remain unclassified as to tribal origin though identified 

 geographically. 



TRIBES OF THE SOUTH AMERICAN RAIN FORESTS, SAVANNAS, 

 AND COASTAL PLAINS 



If we begin our classification of northeastern South American 

 Indians with the tribes just north of the La Plata River, namely 

 those occupying Paraguay, Uruguay, and the more temperate regions 

 of Brazil, principally the province of Rio Grande do Sul, we have 

 the early home of the great Tupi linguistic stock. Tupi tribes were 

 encountered by the early European voyagers and explorers along 

 the east coast of Brazil and the shores of the Amazon as far upstream 

 as the mouth of the Rio Negro. Most of these tribes have been dis- 

 placed from their original home through the forward drive of 

 Spanish and Portuguese settlements. However, many pure Tupi 



