EEPOET OF THE SECRETARY 65 



had been cleared of the debris which had accumulated in them in 

 the centuries which have passed since their abandonment. 



Evidence showed that the largest of the houses had not been 

 erected as a complete unit and that it was not occupied in its en- 

 tirety at any time. The central block, together with a supercere- 

 monial chamber placed at its southern side, constituted the original 

 block of the structure. Subsequent additions consisted of an east- 

 and-west wing and a series of chambers south of the original portion 

 and east of the great ceremonial chamber. Masonry in the walls of 

 the latter portions was inferior to that in the original section. The 

 outlines of the rooms in these same portions of the building were so 

 irregular that they appeared to have been built by a different group 

 of people. The walls in the original section were constructed in a 

 style characteristic of the ruins in the Chaco Canyon, 85 miles north- 

 east from the Zuni region. The stonework in the latter portions of 

 the building was suggestive of the type found in the ruins of the 

 Upper Gila area to the south. 



The small house did not give evidence of growth stages as distinct 

 as those observed in the large building ; it did show, however, that a 

 fairly small structure had been added to on various occasions. The 

 walls in this building were of the same nature as those in the later 

 portions of the larger dwelling, except that the stones were more 

 carefully dressed. This suggested that the small house may have 

 been built by the same group which erected the later portions of the 

 large one. 



In addition to the two houses and seven small ceremonial chambers 

 two great kivas were found. Only one of these was excavated. In 

 the case of the other it was possible merely to trace the outer walls 

 in order to obtain the size and position of the structure. The find- 

 ing of these two great kivas was significant because investigations in 

 the Southwest have shown that such structures are always associated 

 with some form of the Chaco culture. The great kiva connected 

 with the larger of the two dwellings revealed one of the essential 

 characteristics of such structures when the debris which filled it was 

 removed. It had an average diameter of 55 feet. The second of 

 these large circular houses was completely detached from the other 

 buildings in the village and had been placed in a court formed by 

 the other structures. It averaged 78 feet in diameter, which makes 

 it the largest yet discovered. 



The excavations yielded 400 specimens of the people's handicraft 

 in addition to the information on house types. Included in the 

 collection are pottery vessels, tools or implements of stone and bone, 

 ornaments, and a number of stone images. The pottery is character- 

 ized by examples typical of the Chaco Canyon wares and also speci- 



