ADVEKTISEMENT 



The object of the General Appendix to the Annual Rei^ort of the 

 Smithsonian Institution is to furnish brief accounts of scientific 

 discovery in particular directions ; reports of investigations made by 

 collaborators of the Institution ; and memoirs of a general character 

 or on special topics that are of interest or value to the numerous cor- 

 respondents of the Institution, 



It has been a prominent object of the Board of Regents of the 

 Smithsonian Institution from a very early date to enrich the annual 

 report required of them by law with memoirs illustrating the more 

 remarkable and important developments in physical and biological 

 discovery, as well as showing the general character of the operations 

 of the Institution; and, during the greater part of its history, this 

 purpose has been carried out largely by the publication of such 

 papers as would possess an interest to all attracted by scientific 

 progress. 



In 1880, induced in part by the discontinuance of an annual sum- 

 mary of progress which for 30 years previously had been issued by 

 well-known private publishing firms, the secretary had a series of 

 abstracts prepared by competent collaborators, showing concisely 

 the prominent features of recent scientific progress in astronomy, 

 geology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, mineralogy, botany, zool- 

 ogy, and anthropology. This latter plan was continued, though, not 

 altogether satisfactorily, down to and including the year 1888. 



In the report for 1889 a return was made to the earlier method of 

 presenting a miscellaneous selection of papers (some of them origi- 

 nal) embracing a considerable range of scientific investigation and 

 discussion. This method has been continued in the present report for 

 1931. 



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