546 



ANNUAL REPORT SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, 19 31 



It was hoped by Dr. Davidson Black that the prompt publication 

 of bulletins and the wide circulation of manuscript rei^orts even 

 before they were published, would have prevented the development 

 of such misunderstandings as had marred the discussions of the 

 fossil remains of man in the past. In spite of these precautions, 

 eminent paleontologists in Germany and France are already claiming 

 that the Peking man belongs to the genus Pithecanthropus; others 

 in America have suggested that he is merely a Far Eastern example 

 of Neanderthal Man ; and others again that the Chinese fossils were 

 not human. 



Having made a careful examination of the actual fossils in Peking 

 and compared them with human and simian skulls, and the casts 

 of the other kinds of extinct members of the human family, I can 



SIN. » 

 S\N. 2 



Figure 3. — Transverse sections in the plane of the acoustic meatus of the Peking sliull 

 (SIN. 1), of the second Pelcing skull (SIN. 2), and of the Piltdown skull (EO.) 



confidently support the opinion of Dr. Davidson Black that Sinan- 

 thropus is an undoubted member of the human family, who reveals 

 in every part of his skull and teeth evidence to distinguish him from 

 all other known human types, and to justify the separate generic 

 rank suggested to define his status. 



THE INDUSTRIES 



In studying the remains of early man it is always a matter of 

 particular importance to search for the tools and implements which 

 might bring the human beings into association with some definite 

 phase of industry. At Chou Kou Tien, in spite of the most careful 

 search in the caves during four years, no trace whatever of im- 



