﻿SH ERZER] 



GLACIAL STUDIES IX CANADIAN ROCKIES 



4 59 



hut there seemed to be no doubt hut that the upper layer was moving 

 bodily over the lower. This movement represents a shearing of the 

 glacier itself, the shearing-plane lying between the adjacent strata, 

 hut not a shearing of the ice proper. 



6. Discharge. — The conversion of ice into liquid during the heated 

 season gives rise to surface streams upon the lower, slightly crevassed 

 portions oi the Lefroy and Victoria, which attain the magnitude of 

 small torrents and do considerable cutting into the ice. In plate i.x 





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Fig. 66. — Front of Victoria glacier showing stratification and shearing 



three such streams may be made out passing down the Victoria in 

 the main longitudinal depressions and disappearing- in crevasses or 

 moulins. The water of these streams is clear and has a tempera- 

 ture of 32 F., or a small fraction above. Upon the glacier's right 

 there is no visible marginal drainage at the present time, hut upon 

 the left there is, for a short distance, a vigorous stream and a small 

 lakelet, the discharge from which disappears into the side of the 

 glacier. These surface and marginal streams, along with others of 

 suhgiacial origin, unite beneath the ice into a single brook which 



