NO. 1862 THE PEOPLES OF FORMOSA — ARNOLD 289 



also addicted to making war on other groups. In 1905 they became 

 particularly troublesome to the Japanese and native Chinese living 

 in the vicinity of their villages, and it was found necessary to make 

 a combined attack on the more atrocious tribes. These were pun- 

 ished, and as a result became partially pacified, no longer giving 

 trouble to the natives and Japanese. Bringing them into civilization 

 will require considerable more work. 



The members of the six groups above mentioned, namely, the 

 Amis, Puyuma, Paiwan, Tsou, Tsarisen, and Vonuum are generally 

 known as the southern savages. 



The Atayal, or northern savages, tattoo their faces, and for this 

 reason are known as tattooed savages. Their district comprises an 

 area of 500 square ri (2,975 square miles), and is gradually becom- 

 ing less as the guard line is forced back. They are fierce by nature, 

 and are the largest and most powerful race of savages in the island. 

 They look upon hunting the human head as superior to all else. The 

 human head is necessary as an ofifering in all of their celebrations. 

 When there is a dispute between members of a tribe, it is settled by 

 awarding the decision to that one who first secures a human head. 

 When a savage lad attains his majority he is not admitted into the 

 tribe as an adult until he secures a human head. Hence, head- 

 hunting has become with them a part of their existence. They take 

 only the heads of Chinese or Japanese (that is, they do not make 

 war among themselves for the purpose of securing heads). The 

 method of taking a head is somewhat after the following order: 

 Several of the tribe, armed with provisions and rifles, approach as 

 near as possible to the frontier and secrete themselves in the jungle 

 in proximity to a frequented path. Here they may await for days a 

 chance of securing a head, and they are not to be satisfied until they 

 secure the much-coveted trophy. Thus, unless afforded proper 

 means of defense, the lives of those engaged in various pursuits in 

 proximity to the savage border are greatly endangered. Under 

 such circumstances it is quite impossible to explore the country in- 

 habited by these tribes. A few of the centrally located tribes of this 

 district never come into contact with the outside world, but, accord- 

 ing to the investigations carried on with the neighboring tribes 

 which come down to barter with the native Chinese, their numbers 

 are not great. The Atayal group occupies the northern half of the 

 savage territory, for which reason they are known as the northern 

 savages. In the southern part of the savage territory, with the ex- 

 ception of the lands occupied by the Amis, Puyuma, and Paiwan 

 tribes, most of the country is barren hill land, and not adapted to 



