NO. 1863 BIBUOGRAPHY OF CANAI, KAYS — FULCIlKR 3O3 



3. PROPAGATION OF THE CANAL RAYS. 



Propagation is Rectilinear except in a magnetic or electrostatic field: 

 Gl(694, 41); Sm4(i09). Any obstacle in their path casts a sharp 

 shadow on a screen: 61(698, 46). 

 Direction of Propagation. 

 Relation to Cathode. 



Plane cathode: 01(694,41); Evv3(299). 



Each bundle slightly divergent: V3(is) ; Tm3(ioi7). 

 Axes of the various bundles converge slightly toward a central 

 axis: W5(469) ; G5(7o) ; 813(29, 408) ; 06(236). 

 Convergence increases with vacuum, bundles may cross. 

 Convergence greatest for circle of holes farthest from the 

 center. 

 Front surface of cathode sufficiently concave. 



Axes of various bundles may be parallel or diverge from a cen- 

 tral axis: 01(695, 43) ; Si3f3b. 

 Front surface convex. Bundles converge and may cross: Si3f3a. 

 In general : 



Direction is approximately normal to the front surface of cath- 

 ode : Wh2(424) ; 03(205). 

 Direction is independent of shape of back surface, that is, the 



surface turned away from the anode: 01(695, 43). 

 Direction is independent of the obliquity of the canals, but 

 intensity may be decreased by rays striking the sides : 

 01(695, 43). 

 Relation to Cathode Afflux and cathode rays. 



Apparently the rays are the prolongation through the cathode, of the 

 cathode afflux, both always having the same direction : 

 Vi; Wh2(423); V3(i5). By deflecting the cathode 

 afflux the canal ray bundles are deflected. Relation to 

 cathode rays only apparent: 01(695, 43) ; 06(236). 

 Canal rays come from those holes alone which are covered by the 

 first cathode layer: 01(695, 43); Wh2(423)fi; 05(70); 

 06(236). 

 Dispersion, due to collision with gas molecules. 



Dispersion greater the larger the molecules: SH(96), least in Hi: 



81(346), greater in Hg vapor: 8H(96). 

 Little dispersion for high discharge potentials: Si6(8i). 

 Diffuse rays produced: 06(239); Tm7(359). 

 Absorption of the Rays. 

 By gas. 



Independent of the material of the cathode (Al, Fe, Pt) : Ewi(i82). 

 Decreases as velocity increases, pressure being constant: Ln2(i96). 

 With constant velocity, the maximum distance penetrated by the rays 

 as measured with an electrode, depends merely on the 

 mean free path of the gas molecules, at a given pres- 

 sure being greater in H2 than in O2, in O2 than in 

 CO.: Ewi(i82, 198); Ew3(309); 84(606) ; 'Ln2( 196) ; 

 Wii(437). 

 Also shown in connection with the Doppler effect: Ew3(3i2). 



