NO. 1863 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF CANAL RAYS — FULCHER 32 1 



Complex nature of the rays, perhaps containing H, N, Al, Hg. atoms, 

 not a sufficient explanation, since carefully purified gases 

 have been tried, and no fluting effect obtained : Tm3 ; 

 cf. Ew3(3i6). 



Probable explanation. The mean value of e/m for each ray during its 

 passage through the magnetic or electric field, is evi- 

 dently the quantity which determines the deflection. By 

 collision with stray corpuscles or negative electrons, any 

 canal ray may become discharged and charged again so 

 that its average charge may have any value between 

 +e and — e. This also explains the negative deflection 

 observed: 82(585) ; W5(s6i, 263) ; Tm3(57o). See also 

 W4(433, 435); W9(669, 670, 675, 677); Sm4(iii) ; 

 84(604, 605); Tmi(520); SH(95) ; Ew3(307). 

 Other effects mentioned above, as the variation of e and m by steps, 

 complexity of the rays, probably do enter, but are insuffi- 

 cient in themselves to explain the phenomena reported. 

 Mass may also change en route, molecules being formed of atoms and 

 vice versa: Ew2(50i). 



Non-homogeneity disappears at very low pressures as then collisions are 

 much less frequent: Tm3(575); Tm6; Tm7. 

 Charge. 



While for the most part the rays are positively charged, by collision with 

 negative electrons some of them at various stages of 

 their career become neutralized and later perhaps nega- 

 tively charged, as evidenced by magnetic deflection ex- 

 periments: Tm8(67o). 



2. LIGHT FROM CANAL RAY REGION. 



Centers OE Emission. The negative electrons, from the Zeeman effect : 



8x3(23, 401). 

 Sources or Carriers of Series Line Spectra. 



All lines of one series have same carrier: 85(464, 894); 89(113, 250); 



Si3i33, 414)- 

 Sources are positively charged. For confirming experiments see 



8x3(24, 403). 

 First hypothesis: Sources are the canal rays themselves, positive atoms, 

 singly, doubly, or trebly charged: 85(464, 894); SH(95) ; 89(113. 250); 

 Raux(423) ; 8x3(34, 39, 415, 419) ; 823(830). 



Main and first and second series of doublets (H, Ca, Hg, C, K, Na) have 



singly charged atom as carrier: 89(1x2, 249); 



813(36-38, 4x6-4x9); 88(461); Kn3(36). Doubtful: 



823(830). 

 Series of triplets of Hg have doubly charged atom as carrier: 



89(112,250); 813(38, 419); 8HK(465). Doubtful: 



823(830). 

 Some Hg lines, XX 4078, 4347, appear to have trebly charged atom as 



carrier: 8x3(38, 419); SHK(468). 



