414 SMITHSONIAN MISCELLANEOUS COLLECTIONS VOL. 52 



taining several houses. The largest of those, which may be called 

 conspicuous, is situated a few feet from a house belonging to the 

 mother of Juan Enos, a Pima workman employed by the author in 

 his work at Casa Grande. No walls of buildings stand out of the 

 ground, but the general character of the mounds show that in form 

 the ruins were compounds like those on the south bank of the river. 

 There are many pictographs on the lava hills north of this mound, 

 which resemble those shown in the accompanying illustrations (pi. 

 xxxix). 



7. — Casa Grande 



The general character and architectural features of the Casa 

 Grande cluster of mounds will be described elsewhere^ and will 

 therefore not be here considered. 



A lagoon mentioned in early writings as Cumani or Laguna was 

 probably situated not far from where the Santa Cruz in times of 

 flood empties into the Gila. The mouth of the river is near Sacaton 

 Flats, known to the Pimas as Huring, "place of the standing 

 cactus," and is mentioned by Fathers Font, Garces, and other early 

 visitors. The name Cumani is adopted from their writings. 



8. — Ruin Opposite Blackwater 



The Pima village called Blackwater, near Casa Grande, is com- 

 paratively modern, its inhabitants being descendants of certain 

 families which moved there from Casa Blanca a few years ago. 

 Previously, however, or at the time Casa Grande was first visited 

 by the Spaniards, there was a Pima settlement near its site, called 

 Uturituk or the place at the angle or corner.- Although the exact 

 site of Uturituk is now washed away, the banks of the river at that 

 point having been much modified by the changes in its current 

 from the approximate position. 



9.— Santan Ruin 



There are mounds at Santan, on the north side of the Gila, oppo- 

 site Sacaton.^ These mounds resemble those of Casa Grande and 



' A view of the largest compound is shown in the author's preliminary re- 

 port on Casa Grande for 1907- 1908. 



^ Referring to the island in the Gila near this place. Dr. Russell calls Casa 

 Grande, Tcooltuk, Pima word for "corner,"' which is believed to be a part of 

 the sivan or chief's name, Sialtcutuk, Morning Blue, or Green. 



° Good views of the Santan Ruin, the ruin west of Santan, and that at Sweet- 

 water are given by Dr. Russell in 26th Ann. Rept. Bur. .\mt'r. Eth., pi. iv, 

 a, b, and c. 



